
ch.. l-d/yy/ 



Book. 






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vUXJL.i^'^'N. 



^ 



TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES ISSUED 

JNDER GENERAL STATE LAWS 

AND REGULATIONS 



By HARLAN UPDEGRAFF 

SPECIAUST IN SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 
BUREAU OF EX)UCATION 







WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1910 



\^ 



A. -TABLE SHOWING THE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF 

ALABAMA. 

[General Public School Laws of Ala., 1908, pp. 23-27; 1909. pp. 3-10 (passed at the special session of the 

legislature).] 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by — 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 




State superintend- 
ent and secre- 
tary board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 

do 


State 

do 

do 




Life 




First-grade certifi- 
cate. 

Second-grade cer- 
tificate. 

Third-grade certifi- 
cate. 

Temporary certifi- 
cate. 

Local certificates 6. . 


do 

.do 


6years 

4 years 


Nonrenewable. 
do 


do 


.do.. . 


.do 


2 years 


do 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 


County 
specified. 


do 


Next exami- 
nation re- 
port. 


Second can not 
be issued un- 
less regular 
c e r t i flcate 
has been re- 
ceived dur- 
ing interim. 



ARIZONA. 

[Ariz. School Laws, 1907, pp. 8-10, 14, 76-80.] 



Life diploma . 



Educational diplo- 
ma. 

First-grade (certifi- 
cate: 

Upon examina- 
tion. 



Territorial board 
of education. 



.do. 



.do. 



Territory. 



.do. 



Any. 



.do. 



Life. . . . 

G years . 



(Jrammar schools. 4 years. 



Nonrenewable 



For 4 years by 
action o f 
board if 
holder has 
ta u g h t 2 
years. 



a References are given only to printed books and circulars; letters and memoranda from the various state 
olHccs, which constitute the sole authorities for many statements, are not cited. The material regarding 
each State except three has been corrected by the respective state education offices. 

NOV 23 1910. 



o^ 



^ TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES IN THE VARIOUS STATES." 
^ ALABAMA. 

a 

{General Public School Laws of Ala., 19C8, pp. 23-27; 1909, pp. 3-10 (passed at the special session of the 

legislature) .] 



Experience 
required. 



5 years under Ala- 
bama first-grade 
certificate. 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship requirements. 



.do 



No examination required 



State board of ex- High degree of proficiency and professional 
aminers. attainment as shown (1) by sketch of his 

school work during any five years while 
holding a first-grade certificate, and (2) by 
discussion of questions involving history 
of education and theory and practice of 
teaching based on two or more books 
previously announced. 

Examination in subjects required for sec- 
ond giade and in algebra, natural philosr 
ophy, plane geometry, school law, and 
theory and practice of teaching, with a 
minimum average of 75 per cent and 
grade of 50 per cent. 
do ! E-xamination in subjects required for third- 
grade certificate and in arithmetic, his- 
tory of Alabama, United States history, 
English grammar and composition, and 
intermediate geography, with minimum 
average of 75 per cent and grade of 50 per 
cent. 

Examination in orthography, reading, pen- 
manship, grammar, arithmetic (through 
fractions), primary geography, elemen- 
tary principles of physiology and hy- 
giene, and agriculture, with minimum 
average of 75 per cent and grade of 50 per 
cent. 

Recommendation of city or town superin- 
tendent or chairman of board of district 
trustees, approved by county superin- 
tendent; applicant must have been either 
not a resident of Alabama or ill at time 
of last examination. 



.do 



ARIZONA. 

[Ariz. School Laws, 1907, pp. 8-10, 14, 76-80.] 



10 years, 1 in Ari- 
zona on first- 
grade certificate. 

5 years, 1 in .Ari- 
zona on first- 
grade certificate. 



None. 



Board of examin- 
ers. 



Board of examin- 
ers. 



No examination required. 



Board of examin- 
ers. 



Board of examin- Examination in subjects required for a 

ers. second-grTjde certificate and, in addition, 

algebra and natural philosophy, with an 

average of 80 per cent and minimum as in 

second grade below. 

6 Local certificates aregranted by "separate districts" having 2,000 population or over. No detailed pro- 
visions in law. 



Examination in pedagogy, history of edu- 
cation, school economy, school govern- 
ment. 

Nonespecified. 



teachers' cebtificates. 

A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
ARIZONA— Continued . 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by — 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 

! 


Territory. 


Schools. 


First-grade certifi- 
ca'e— Cont'd. 
Without exami- 
nation. 

Second-grade cer- 
tificate. 

Special certificate, 
commercial 
branches. 

Manual training, 
domestic science, 
certificate with- 
out examination. 

Manual training, 
domestic science, 
certificate upon 
examination. 


Territorial board 
of education. 

. ..do 


Territory . . 
do 


Grammar schools. 

Primary and as- 
sistant in gram- 
mar schools ex- 
cept in eighth 
grade. 

Commercial sub- 
jects. 

Subjects named . . . 
..do 


4 years 

3 years 

4 years 

do 


For4 years by 
action of 
board if 
holder has 
taught 2 
years. 

Nonrenewable 

Renewable if 
holder has 
taught 3 
years under 
certificate. 

do 


do 


do 


do 


do. 


do 


do 


do 


do 











ARKANSAS. 

[Digest of School Laws, 1910, pp. 14-15, 25-28, 35-38.] 



State certificate a. . . State superintend- 
ent. 



P r o f e .s sional li- 
cense.o 



First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Second-grade cer- 
tificate. 



Third-grade certifi- 
cate. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 



State ' Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



County do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Life. 



6 years . 
2 years. 



1 year. 



6 months. . 



May be re- 
newed in- 
definitely.!) 



.do. 



Twice. 



Once. 



a Those students of the State Normal School of Arkansas who have been given the degree of licentiate 

of instruction are authorized to teach for 6 years, this degree being in all respects the equivalent of a pro- 
fessional license. At the close of this 6-year period the licentiate diploma "may be converted into a life 
certificate" by the state .superintendent. 



STATE LAWS AXD REGULATIONS. 



cettificates in the various States — Continued. 

ARIZONA— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Sfholarsliij) requirements. 








(1) Graduation from university or college 
having 4 years' course based on 4-year 
high-school course; (2) 1 year's work in 
education in a normal school, college, or 
university; (3) submission of diploma, 
recommendation of professors of educa- 
tion, and other papers. Condition (2) 
may be satisfied by passing examination 
in subjects required for life diplomas. 

Examination in geography, history and 
civics, physiology, hygiene with special 
reference to the nature and eti'ects of alco- 
holic drinks, etc., orthography, defining, 
penmanship, composition, reading, meth- 
od of teachmg, grammar, arithmetic, and 
the school laws of ,\rizona, with an aver- 
age of 81) per cent, no grade less than 70 
per cent in grammar, orthography, or 
arithmetic and not less than 50 per cent 
in any other subject. 

Examination in spelling, arithmetic, gram- 
mar, composition, writing, bookkeeping, 
shorthand, typewriting, and commercial 
law, unless a holder of a territorial certifi- 
cate, in which case first five may be 
omitted. 


do . 


Board of examin- 
ers. 

do 


Board of examin- 
ers. 

do 


do 


1 year's experience 
in teaching sub- 
ject. 

None 






Board of examin- 
ers. 


Board of examin- 
ers. 


science school. 

Such examination as required if conditions 
as above set forth can not be met. 





ARKANSAS. 

[Digest of School Laws, 1910, pp. 14-16, 25-28, 35-38.] 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



-do. 



-do. 



.do. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



-do. 



.do. 



Examination in subjects required for a 
first-grade county certificate, and, in 
addition, algebra, geometry, physics, 
rhetoric, mental philosophy, general 
history, Latin, natural history, botany, 
and geology. 

Examination in subjects required for a 
first-grade covmty certificate, and, in 
addition, algebra, plane geometry, gen- 
eral history, and rhetoric. 

Examination in subjects required for a 
second-grade certificate, and, in addi- 
tion, civil government and elementary 
algebra. Minimum average, 85 per cent; 
minimum grade, 70 per cent. 

Examination in subjects required for third- 
grade, and, in addition, history of Arkan- 
sas, physiology, and theory and practice. 
Mininumiavei-age,75percent; minimum 
grade, G5 per cent. 

Examination in spelling, reading, penman- 
ship, English grammar, arithmetic, geog- 
raphy, United States history, elementary 
agriculture and horticulture. Minimum 
average Coper cent; minimum grade, 60 
per cent. 



6 All renewals based on a requirement that the holder of any certificate must attend the "summer insti 
tutes." 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers* 
CALIFORNIA. 

[School Law of Cal., 1909, sees. 1503, 1521, 1771-1775, 1778, 1787-1793.] 



Name of certificate. 



Issued by- 



Life diploma: 

High school ! S late board of ed- 
ucation. 



Grammar school . 

Kindergarten- 
primary. 
Special kindergar- 
ten-primary life 
diploma. 
Permanent certifi- 
cates: 
Secondary 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



Grammar o r 
elementary. 

Kindergarten- 
primary. 

Special 



County board of 
education. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



Secondary-s c h o o 1 
certificate. 



County board of 
education (on 
credentials only). 



Grammar or ele- 
mentary school 
certificate. 



County board of 
education. 



Kindergarten - pri- 
mary certificate. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



County, or 
city and 
county. 

....do 



.do. 



....do.. 
County. 



.do. 



.do. 



Schools. 



Duration. 



Any 



Grammar and pri- 
mary schools. 
Kindergarten . . . . , 



Branches and 
grades named. 



Any . 



Grammar or pri- 
mary. 
Kindergarten 



Branches and 

grades named. 
Any 



Elementary. 



Kindergarten . 



Life. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do 

.do. 
.do. 



....do. 

6 years. 



.do. 



...do... 



Renewal. 



At option of 
board; sec- 
ond renewal 
permanent . 
Permanent 
certificate 
may be giv- 
en at time of 
first renewal 



.do. 



At option of 
board. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

CALIFORNIA. 

[School Law of Cal., 1909, sees. 1503, 1521, 1771-1775, 1778, 1787-1793.] 



Experience 
required. 



8 months, 21 in 
California certi- 
fied by three- 
fourths of coun- 
ty board. 

...do 



.do. 
.do. 



5 years; 20 months 
in high school in 
same county. 

5 years in same 
county. 

do 



do 

None . . 



.do. 



.do. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



No examination 
given. 



County board 
education. 



Papers exam- 
ined by- 



County board of 
education. 



No exammation; granted on creden- 
tials only. 



Scholarship requirements. 



Must have held and still hold a valid 
county or city and county certificate of 
same grade. 



Do. 
Do. 
Do. 



Holder of secondary school certificate or 
state diploma. 

Holder of elementary certificate or state 
diploma. 

Holder of kindergarten-primary certificate 
or state diploma. 

Holder of special certificate or state di- 
ploma. 

One of following: (1) Holder of credentials 
approved by state board of education. 
Minimum requirements as follows: 
Equivalent of graduation from Univer- 
sity of California, satisfactory evidence 
of takmg the mjnunum amount of peda- 
gogy prescrilied by state board of educa- 
tion of California, and recommendation 
for a high-school certificate from the fac- 
ulty in which pedagogical work was 
taken. (2) Holder of special credentials 
from state board of education. To ob- 
tain these it is necessary that applicant 
shall have taught 20 months and possess 
equivalent of requiremeats given under 
(1). (3) Holders of high-school certifi- 
cates issued by other counly boards. 

One of following: (1) Examination in read- 
ing, writing, grammar and advanced com- 
position, English and American literar 
ture, orthography and defining, vocal 
music, bookkeeping, arithmetic, algebra 
to quadractics, plane geometry, geog- 
raphy (physical, political, and indus- 
trial), elementary physics, physiology 
and hygiene, history" of the United 
States, civil government, history (an- 
cient, medieval, and modem), school law, 
methods of teaching. (2) Holder of life 
diploma or certificate of any State de- 
clared by state board to be equivalent to 
requirements forelementary life diplomas. 
(3) Holder of normal-school diploma from 
state school and those declared of equal 
rank by state board. (4) Holder of 
diploma from University of California or 
Leland Stanford Junior University when 
said holder has completed six months' 
tramlng in one of state normal schools or 
has had eight months' successful experi- 
ence m pul>lic schools of State after 
graduation. (5) Grammar school or 
grammar grade certificate of any other 
county of California. 

One of following: (1) Holder of diploma of 
graduation from the kindergarten depart- 
ment of any state normal school. (2) 
Holder of credentials showing profes- 
sional kindergarten training in institu- 
tion approved by state board of educa- 
tion and also general education equiva 
lent to that required for graduation from 
kindergarten department of state normal 
school. (3) Holder of kindergarten cer- 
tificate issued by any other county board. 



s 



TEACHERS CERTIT'ICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers^ 
CALIFORNIA— Continued . 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by- 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 










Territory. 


Schools. 






Special certificates. . 


County board of 
education. 


County — 


Branches and 
grades named; 
limited to draw- 
ing, music, phy- 
sical culture, 
commercial, 
technical, and 
industrial work. 


6 years 


At option of 
board. Sec- 
ond renewal 
permanent. 


City, or city and 
county certifi- 
cates: 
Grammar 


Board of education . 
do. 


do 

.do 


Grammar or pri- 
mary. 

Same as county 
special. 


do 

do 


At option of 
board. Sec- 
ond renewal 
permanent. 

do 













COLORADO. 



[School Laws of Colo., 1909, pp. 33-36, 96-98. Sess. Laws, 1903, chap. 165, p. 421; Sess. Laws, 1909, 

chap. 165, p. 369.] 



State diploma: 
Without exami- 
nation. 



Upon examina- 
tion. 

Without exami- 
nation. 

Temporary certifi- 
cate. 

First-^rade county 
certificate. 



Second-grade 
county certificate. 

Third-grade county 
certificate. 

School district cer- 
tificate (districts 
of first class). 



State board of 
education. 



.do. 
.do. 

.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 
.do. 



School district 
board. 



State. 



-do. 
.do. 



do... 

County a . 



do.. 

do.. 

District. 



Any. 



.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



5 years. 



.do. 
.do. 



do. 

3 years. 



18 months. 
9 months. . 
Varies 



Renewable for 
5 years in 
discretion of 
state board 
of education, 
then renew- 
able for life. 



.do. 
.do. 



Nonrenewable 



Renewable 
once. 



.do. 
.do. 



Determined by 
district 
board. 



a County superintendent in emergency may recognize county teachers' certificates issued in another 
county or another State by indorsing same as "Good until next county examination." 

County superintendent may issue a like grade certificate to a teacher holding a similar first-grade cer- 
tificate of another county, good during life of certificate upon which it was issued. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 

certificates in the various States — Continued. 

CALIFORNIA— Continued . 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


None 


County board of 
education. 

City board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 


County board of 
education. 

City board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 


Board must satisfy itself by examination or 


Prescribed by 
city board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 


credentials of special fitness to teach suh- 
jects, and also of proficiency in English 
grammar, orthography, defining, and 
methods of teaching. 

Prescribed by city board of e.xaminers. 
Do. 











COLORADO. 



[School Laws of Colo., 1909, pp. 33-3(i, 96-98. Sess. Laws, 1903, chap. If5, p. 421: Sess. Laws, 1909, 

chap. 165, p. 369.] 



24 months . 



.do. 



6 years' eminent 
educational serv- 
ice in Colorado. 

None 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Varies . 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



No examination required 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 
.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 
.do. 



Determined by district board 



Graduation from a Colorado college main- 
taining standard 4-year course and re- 
quiring 4-year standard high-school 
course or equivalent for admission. 
Professional training equivalent to one- 
sixth standard 4-year course in at least 
three of these (one being No. 4): (1) 
General and educational psychology; 
(2) history of education; (;"?) science 
and principles of education; (4) practice 
teaching and special methods; (5) or- 
ganization and management of schools; 
(6) philosophj-, sociology, and anthro- 
pology. 

Acadernie and professional attainments 
equivalent to above. 



Equivalent to qualifications described 
above for state diploma. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
writing, aritlunetic, English grammar, 
geography, history and Constitution of 
United States and the constitution of 
Colorado, civil government, physics, 
natural sciences, theory and practice of 
teaching, and school law of Colorado. 
If applicant is to teach in high school, 
examination shall extend to such addi- 
tional branches as are to be pursued in 
such school. 

Same as first class, but lower percentage 
is required. 
Do. 

Determined by district board. 



10 



TEACHERS CEBTIFICATES. 



A.. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 

CONNECTICUT, 

^^''.'^'''.ff™^ to schools (1909), sees. 4, 118, 195, 210, 211. Conn. School Documents No. 21, 1909, sees. 4 67 
l^Jl ,li- ^^Port of the board of education of the State of Conn, to the governor, together with the 
report of the secretary of the board July 14, 1904-July 14, 1905, pp. 226-244.] 



Name of certificate. 



Supervisor's certifi- 
cate (1). 



Supervisor's certifi- 
cate (2). 



Honor certificate. 



Elementary eertifi- 
cate.o 



Issued bj'- 



State board of edu- 
cation. 



.do. 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



State. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Statutory certifi- 
cate. 



Kindergarten cer- 
tificates 



Kindergarten hon- 
or certificate. 

Certificate of spe- 
cial preparation. 



Certificate of spe- 
cial excellence. 



Local high .school 
certificates. 



Local public school 
certificate. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



State board of ed u- 
cation. 



High school com- 
mittee. 



School visitors, 
school commit- 
tee, or board of 
education. 



.do. 



Schools. 



Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



Duration. 



At the pleas- 
ure of the 
board. 



Varying 
terms. 



Renewal. 



Successful ex- 
perience as 
supervisor. 



Not longer 
than 2 
years. 



Subjects named in do. 

certificate. 



Town spec- 
ified. 



State. 



-do. 
.do. 



State. 



Town or 
district. 



.do. 



Kindergartens. 



....do 

Subject named.. . 

Subjects named . . 



High school, 
bran c h e s 
named. 



Any specified 
school in branch- 
es named. 



Not longer 
t h a n 1 
year. 



Not longer 
than 2 
years. 



1 year 

1 or 2 years. 



Upon e V i - 
dence show- 
i n g holder 
has taught 
and man- 
a g e d suc- 
cessfully. 

....do 



-do. 



1 or 2 years. 



Indefinite. 



....do.. 



.do. 



Success f ul 

teaching. 
....do 



.do. 



At discretion 
of commit- 
tee. 



..do 



o A holder of an honor certificate may obtain a "certificate of special exceUence" in any subject covered 
therem by submittmg a satisfactory thesis in that subject. . 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



11 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

CONNECTICUT. 

[Laws relating to schools (1909), sees. 4, 118, 195,210, 211, Conn. School Documents No. 21, 1909, sees. 4, 67, 
118, 210-212. Report of the board of education of the State of Conn, to the governor, together with the 
report of the secretary of the board July 14, 1904-July 14, 1905, pp. 226-244.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by- 



Scholarship requirements. 



5 years' supervi- 
sion of 6 schools, 
giving entire 
time to super- 
vision. 

Experience is re- 
quired; no def- 
inite amount 
fixed. 



Indefinite amount. 



No examination required . 



.do. 



None. 



Must demonstrate 
ability to teach 
and manage by 
actual exercises 
in teaching. 



.do. 



No prescribe 
minimum. 



At discretion of 
committee. 



..do 



State board of edu- 
cation. 



.do. 



.do. 



State board of edu- 
cation. 



.do. 



-do. 



.do. 



do do. 

Examination is required only when 

original q.xamination shows some 

deficiency. 
State board [ State board 



High school com- 
mittee or com- 
mittee appoint- 
ed by it (when 
e X a m i n a t ion 
given). 

Authorities named 
in column 2; 
or special com- 
mittee. 



High school com- 
mittee or com- 
mittee appoint- 
ed by it (when 
e X a m i n a t ion 
given). 

Authorities named 
in column 2; 
or special com- 
mittee. 



At discretion of state board of education 
Issued by special vote of board. 



Examination in school law, organization of 
public schools, courses of study, history 
of education in Connecticut, supervision, 
qualifications of teachers; also academic 
examination required for elementary cer- 
tificate unless candidate (1) is a graduate 
of a college, university, or normal school, 
(2) holds a state elementary or honor cer- 
tificate, or (3) has a high school education 
and has had 5 years successful experience 
as a supervisor, giving entire time to 
supervision. 

Examination showing sound elementary 
knowledge in subjects required for ele- 
mentary certificate, including examina- 
tion upon preliminary papers, and, in 
addition, examination in art of teaching 
by actual demonstration, showing ability 
to teach and manage. 

Examination showing elementary knowl- 
edge and special preparation for teaching 
in writing, English (including reading, 
writing, spelling, and grammar), arith- 
metic, elementary science (including 
physiology), geography, history, and 
civil government. Satisfactory prelim- 
inary papers must be submitted previous 
to admission to examination, showing 
evidence of professional study. Candi- 
date must show in examination (oral) 
practical knowledge of subject-matter of 
these papers, numbering 22 in all. 

Examination must show "tolerable aca- 
demic acquaintance" with reading, spell- 
ing, writing, arithmetic, English, gram- 
mar, rudiments of geography. United 
States history, physiology, and duties of 
citizenship. 

Twenty preliminary papers in subjects 
named below, showing evidence of pro- 
fessional study. Examination upon these 
papers and in kindergarten gifts and oc- 
cupations, nuisic. drawing, English (in- 
cluding reading, spelling, grammar, Eng- 
lish literature), penmanship, elementary 
science (including physiology), and his- 
tory. 

Same as for honor certificate. 

\ thesis on the special subject not included 
in honor or elementary certificates may 
be required. Examination may also 
include actual exercises in teaching. 

Holder of honor certificate or approval of 
board of education in lieu thereof. Skill 
in teaching demonstrated by actual class 
exercises, as well as accurate knowledge, 
must be shown. 

At discretion of committee. 



Examination in reading, writing, arith- 
metic, grammar, rudiments of geography 
and history, and rudiments of drawing if 
requiied.6 



6 No teacher may teach classes above third grade who has not passed a satisfactory examination in 
hygiene, including the effects of alcohol and narcotics on health and character. Other branches may be 
specified on certificate. 



12 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
DELAWARE. 

[School Laws for the Free I'ubhc Schools of Del., 1908-9, pp. 6, 23-25. 37-40, 55.] 



Name of certificate. 



Professional certifi- 
cate. 

First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Issued by- 



County superin- 
tendent . 

...do 



Second-grade cer- do . 

tificate. 

Temporary certifi- I do. 

cate. I 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



Cotmty a. 
do... 



Schools. 



Any. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
-do. 



Duration. 



10 years . 
5 years . . 



2 years. 
1 year. . 



Renewal. 



.do. 



-do. 



On authority of 
state board. 



FLORIDA. 

Digest of School Laws of the State of Fla., 1909, pp. 2fi-34, 97. Biennial Report of the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction of Fla., 1908, pp. 228-245.) 



Life certificate. . 
State certificate. 



Special certificate. 



Primary certificate, 
life. 

Primary certificate. 



First-grade life cer- 
tificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 

Without exam- 
ination. 

First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Second-grade cer- 
tificate. 

Third-grade cer- 
tificate. 



Temporary certifi- 
cate. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



.do 



.do. 
-do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 
.do. 



State. 



.do. 



.do 



.do. 
.do. 



County. 



State 



Any. 



.do. 



Branches specified 



Kind ergarten, 
first, second, and 
third grade. 

....do 



Any 



.do. 



.do. 



County; 
may be 
indorsed 
by other 
county 
superin- 
tendents. 

....do 



.do 
.do. 



Life 




5 years 


Upon reexami- 
nation. 


do 


do 


Life 




4 years 


Upon reexami- 
nation. 


Life 





County . 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Elementary. 



Life in ! 

county. I 

5 years Upon reexami- 
nation. 



4 years. 



.do. 



2 years do 



Until next 
examina- 
tion. 



Nonrenewable; 
one only to 
same person. 



oMay be countersigned by superintendent of any other county. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



13 



certificates in the various States — Continued . 

DELAWARE. 

(School Laws for the Free Public Schools of Del., 1908-9, pp. 6, 23-25, 37-40, 55.] 



Experience 
required. 



None . . 
do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



State board 
education. 6 



.do. 



.do. 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship requirements. 



No examination required 



County superin- Applicant must answer 90 per cent of ques- 
tendent. tions asked in subjects specified under 
! fir.st-grade certificate below. 
do i Applicant must answer 90 per cent of ques- 
tions in each of following subjects: Or- 
i thography, reading, writing, mental 
arithmetic, written arithmetic, geogra- 
phy, physiology and hygiene with spe- 
I cial refei-ence to the effects of stimulants 
j and narcotics, United States history, 
I United States and Delaware constitu- 
tions, pedagogy, and grammar: and 75 
I percent of questions on such other sub- 
j jects as are specified by the state board of 
education. 
do ! AppHcant must answer 75 per cent of ques- 
tions asl^ed in all subjects required for 
first-grade certificate. 
"Diploma or certificate of graduation from 
any respectable normal school or college." 



FLORIDA. 

[Digest of School Laws of the State of Fla., 1909, pp. 2(>-34, 97. Biennial Report of the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction of Fla., 1908, pp. ^8-245.] 



30 months under 
Florida state cer- 
tificate. 

24 months;8 
under Florida 
first grade. 

None 


No examination . . 




Must be a teacher in a high school or college 
in State and present satisfactory indorse- 
ment of eminent ability in teaching from 
three persons holding life certificates. 

Examination in geometry, trigonometry, 
physics, botany, zoology, Latin, rhetoric, 
English literature, psycJiology, and gen- 
eral history: minimum average of 85 per 
cent and grade of 60 per cent. 

Testimonials of peculiar fitness for teaching 
any subject not included in requiremfnts 
for second-grade certificate; and exami- 
nation with minimum grade of 90 per 
cent in such branches as are prescribed by 
state superintendent. (State certificate 
examination questions are given.) 

Satisfactory evidence of successful experi- 
ence. .Accomplished by indorsement of 
primary certificate. 

Examination in primary studies, prescribed 
by state superintendent, with minimum 
average of so per cent; and testimonials 
of peculiar fitness for prunary work. 


State superintend- 
ent. 

. .do 


State superintend- 
ent. 

.. .do 


4 years under pri- 
mary certificate. 

None 

20 years; 9 years 
under certificate 
since 1894. 

6 years under first- 
grade with aver- 
age of 90 per cent. 

None 


No examination re 

State superintend- 
ent. 

No examination re( 

do 


quired 


State superintend- 
ent. 

juired . . 




and disciplinarian. " Accomplished by 
indorsement of first-grade certificate. 
Holder of first-grade certificate. 

Examination in all subjects required for 
third-grade certificate and in algebra and 
physical geography, with a minimum 
average of 85 per cent and grade of 60 per 
cent. 

Same examination as for third-grade; mini- 
mum average of 75 per cent and grade of 
60 per cent. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
geography, arithmetic, geometry. United 
States history, physiology, theory and 
practice of teachiiig, composition, and 
agriculture. 

Same as for third grade certificate. 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


Grading conunit- 
tee of county. 

do 


do 


do 


do 


.do. 


do 


do 


. .do.. 









* County superintendent may prepare questions when so decided by state board. 



14 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — -Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
GEORGIA. 

[Compilation of laws and decisions relating to the common-school system, 1910, p. 37-40.] 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by- 


VaUdin— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Permanent license. . 


State school com- 
missioner. 

County board of 
education. 

do 


State 

County; 
may be 
i ndorsed 
by other 
county 
c mmis- 
sioners. 

County ; 
can not 
be in- 
dorsed. 


Any elementary 
school. 

do 


Life 




First, second, and 


3, 2, and 1 
years^ re- 
spectively. 

UntU next 
e X a m i- 
nation. 


Upon same 
conditions as 
original. 

No provision. 


third grade li- 
■ censes. 

Temporary license. 











IDAHO. 

[School Laws 1909, p. 5, and Chaps. 34 and 36.] 



Life diploma 


State board of 
public instruc- 
tion. 


State 


Any 


Life 












ptate certificate: 
Upon examina- 


do 


do 


do 


8 years 

do....... 




tion. 
Without exami- 


do 


do 


do 


.do 


nation. 












■First-grade certifi- 
cate: 
Upon exami- 


County superin- 
tendent. 


State when 
filed in 
county. 


do 


5 years 


.. .do 


nation. 








Without exam- 




do 


do 


do 


. ..do 


ination. 












Profes.sional pri- 
mary certificate. 


County superin- 
tendent when 
directed by state 
superintendent. 


do 


Lower 4 grades 


4 years 


Once only 


Second-grade cer- 


County superin- 
tendent. 


do 


Any 


3 years 


Nonrenewable 


tificate. 




Third-grade certifi- 


do 


County 


. ..do 


1 year 


do 


cate. 













a Less experience is requirc'd of graduates of courses in chartered institutions covering five years above 
the eighth grade. 



STATE LAWS AND KEGULATIONS. 



15 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

GEORGIA. 
[Compilation of laws and decisions relating to tJie common-school system, 1910, p. 37-40.) 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 




State school com- 
missioner. 

. .do 


State school com- 
missioner. 

County school 
commissioner. 

. . .do 


If, in the judgment of the county school 
commissioner, any of the papers for first, 
second, or third grade licenses "exhibit 
unusual merit," he shall forward them 
"together with certificate of good moral 
and professional character of the appli- 
cant" to the state school commissioner, 
who may issue permanent license if in his 
opinion the papers exhibit "a sufficient 
degree of merit." 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
writing, geography, grammar, arith- 
metic, agriculture, science and practice 
of teaching, and physiology and hygiene, 
including nature and effects of alcohol, 
etc. Minimum averages as follows: First 
grade, 90 per cent: second grade, SO per 
cent; third grade, 70 per cent. 

Examination must be ordered by county 
board and only to meet an emergency'. 


None 


... .do 


County school 
commissioner. 







IDAHO. 

[School Laws 1909, p. 5, and Chaps. 34 and 36.] 



5 years, 2 in State. 



State board of 
public instruc- 
tion. 



3 years" 1 do. 



None, or 5 years. 
See last coiim:m. 



None State superintend- 
ent. 



18 months, part of 
which within 2 
years. 



2 years. 



None. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



State board of I Holder of valid Idaho state certificate, and 
public instruc- ! examination in political economy, plane 
tion. geometry, psychology, history of educa- 

tion, chemistry. 

do Holder of a valid first-grade county certifi- 
cate and examination in physics, litera- 
ture, botany, geology, zoology. 
Holder of B. A. or B. S. from University of 
Idaho finishing 2-year course in de- 
partment of pedagogy, or having taught 
5 years in State. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



-do. 



Examination in branches required for 
second-grade and in addition algebra, 
general history, and rhetoric. Minimum 
average, 90 per cent; minimum grade, 75 
percent. Holders of second-grade with 
average above 90 per cent mav take ad- 
ditional subjects and receive first grade. 

To graduates of state normal schools of 
other States holding life diplomas in such 
States and to gradujites of those colleges 
the A. B. degrees of which are recognized 
by the universities of the Slates in which 
they are situated, when issuance of cer- 
tificate is authorized by the state board. 

Holder of second-grade" certificate, and 
completion of 1 year's work in profes- 
sional primary training in an Idaho state 
normal school or complelion of an ap- 
proved primary professional course in a 
state normal school of another State. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
writing, grammar, arithraelic, geography, 
United States history, civil government, 
physiology and hygiene, with particular 
reference to eflfects of alcoholic drinks, 
stimulants, and narcotic^, theory and 
practice of teachine, state consiitution, 
and school law. Minimum average, 80 
per cent; minimum grade, 75 per cent. 

Can not have previously held third-grade 
certificate. Examination of subjects re- 
quiied for second-grade with average of 
75 per cent, no branch below 60 per cent. 



16 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
ILLINOIS. 

[The School Law of 111., 1909, pp. 4, 48-49, Circular No. 42, office of superintendent of public instruction 

Nov. 1, 1909.] 







Valid in— 






Name of certificate. 


Issued by- 






Duration. 


Renewal. 










Territory. 


Schools. 






General certificate . . 


State superintend- 
ent. 


State 


Any 


Life... . 


i 








i 


State elementary 


do 


do 


.\ny elementary 
school. 


do 




school certificate. 










State high school 


do 


do 


Any high school. . . 


do 




certificate. 










State supervisory 


do 


.. ..do 


As principal or 
superintendent, 
any district. 


do 




certificate. 










State special cer- 


do 


do 


One subject named 


. do 




tificate. (Vocal, 
music, drawinK, 
manual training, 
or household arts 
only.) 






First-grade eertifi- 


County superin- 
tendent. 


County 




2 years 


At discretion 
of county su- 
perintendent. 


cate.o 




Second - grade cer- 


do 


do... . 


.do 


1 year 


do 


tlflcBt*. 










Special certificates. 


do 


do 


Branches named . . 


Not fixed by 
law. 


do 


(Music, drawing, 
penmanship, 
bookkeeping. 




German or any 
flther subject.) 













o In any county in which a .county normal school is established, the diplomas of graduates, when directed 
by the county board of edn6atibn, may be accepted by the county superintendent as sufficient evidence 
of qualifiration of first-grade certificate. (Page 4.S.) 



STATE LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. 



17 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

ILLINOIS. 

[The School Law of 111., 1909, pp. 4, 48-49, Circular No. 42, office of superintendeni of public instruction 
' Nov. 1, 1909.] 



Experience 
required. 



3 years. 



1 year. 



.do. 



2 years of teaching 
or supervision. 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Questions : Papers exam- 
prepared by — i ined by — 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



Scholarship requirements. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- County superin- 
tendent, tendent. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Examination in educational psychology 
principles and methods of teaching, Eng 
lish, European and United States history 
algebra, civics, plane geometry, biological 
science, and physical science; Latin or 
a modern language: and a satisfactory 
thesis on one of the subjects listed by the 
state superintendent. Minimum aver- 
age, 75 f er cent; grade, (55 per cent. 

Graduation from a state nonnal school or 
completion of an equivalent course, and 
an examination in flrst 3 subjects named 
above and a satisfactory thesis as above. 
Standings as above. 

Graduation from an approved high school, 
university, or other institution otTering 4 
years of work beyond a 4-j'ear high-school 
course and examination and thesis as for 
state elementary certificate. Thesis must 
be upon a secondary school subject. 
Standings as al)ove. 

Graduation from an approved college or 
normal school, or 10 years successful su- 
pervision in lieu thereof, and examination 
in English, educational psychology and 
history of education. Thesis, as above, 
on a problem of school administration. 
Standings as above. 

Graduation from a 4-year high-school course , 
2 years of worlc in special subject in an 
approved institution, and same examina- 
tion and thesis as required for state ele- 
mentary certificate, the thesis to be on the 
educational value of the special subject. 
Standings as above. 

Examination in subjects required for a sec- 
ond-grade certificate, and in addition, in 
elements of the natural sciences and physi- 
ology and laws of health. No standings 
named . 

Examination in orthography, reading, pen- 
manship, arithmetic, grammar, modem 
geography, ci\1cs. United States history, 
and history of Illinois. No standings 
named. 

Examination only in special subject or sub- 
jects which applicant desires to teach. 



63200—10- 



18: 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the jyrincipal features of teachers^ 
INDIANA. 



[School Laws of Ind., 1907, pp. 20-29, 72-91, 228, 250, 2G2, 2 J5. Indiana Teachers' Licenses, Robert J. Aley , 

1910 (pamphlet). J 



Name of certificate. 



Life state license 
(regular). 



Issued by- 



State board of 
education. 



Life stale license do . 

(special for col- 
lege graduates), i 



I^fofessional license. do. 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



Schools. 



State I Any. 



.do. 



-do. 



State Normal 
School diploma. 

«0-months' high 
school license. 



Board of trustees. .| do. 

State superintend- do . 

ent. 



Duration. ' Renewal. 



Life. 



.do. 



.do. 



do. 



8 years . . 



Life. 



Upon exami- 
nation only. 



Designated sub- 
jects in any high 
school; common 
branches in any 

' public school. 



60 months...! Upon exami- 
I nation only. 



3(>-m onth high- State siipprintctid- 
sohoollicen.se. ent. 



24-m onth high- 
.school license. 



.do. 



Designated sub- 
jects in any high 
school. 



.Stimonths.. .j Upon exami- 
nation only. 



.do. 



.do I 24 months. 



"See note o, p. 21. 

f> In all literature examinations the manuscript is graded from to 7'> on correctness of answers and from 
to 2a on the quality of Engli.sh u.sed. 



I 



STATE LAWS AND KEGULATlOxNS. 



19: 



vcrbificntcs in thf various Stntts — CJoiitinued. 

INDIANA. 



(School r.aws of Ind,, 1 907, pp. 20-29, 72-91, 228,250, lt;2, 2H5. Indiana 'rcachcrs' Licenses, Kobint J. .\iey, 

19 10 (pamphlet).] 



K.xperiiMicc (questions 

required. j prepared by- 



48 months State board of 

ed-iieation. 



;^o montlis: lo in do 

Indiana. ! 



Papers exam- 
ined bv — 



State board 
education. 



48 moiUlis do. 



.do. 



2 years' sut-i-essful 
experience after 
graduation. 

3 years' experience 

prior to August, 
1908, or .3 years 
for teachers in 
classes .\ and 
R.o 



No e.xamination 
required. 

State board of 
education. 



3 years. (See 
scholarship re- 
quirements.) 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



Stale superintend- 
ent. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



1 year. (Seeschol- do. 

arship require- | 
ments.) i 



-■scholarship reciuircnicnts 



.\pplicant mnsi have held two 3(i-months', 
a ofi-moiil lis' and a (iO-nionths' , or two (iO- 
months' licenses. Kxaininalion in rliet- 
oric, .geometry, general history, English 
literature, pli'ysical geography, and two 
of toUowini;: Clu'iiiistry, geology, and 
zoology. Mininnun general average, 85 
per ceiit: minimum grade, 75 per cent. 

(Iraduation from a standard ap))roved col- 
lege: holder of one or more (iO-montlis- 
licenses or a professional license, and ex' 
>amination in any ihree of following sub- 
jects: (ieneral history of education, the 
school system and (lie school law of In- 
diana, educaiioual psyi'hology, experi-, 
mental jisycliulogy and child study, lead-* 
ing school svstems of linrope and Amer- 
ica, and principles and methods of in- ' 
struction. Same grades as above. 

Same as for regular state license e.xeept 
subjects of examination, which are as fol- 
lows: .Mgelira, civil government, Amer- 
can lileralnre, science of education, and 
two of following six: Pliysics, l)Otany, 
(iennan, French. Spanish", and Latin.' 

Oraduation from Indiana Slate Normal 
School. 

Applicant must have had '.i years' experi- 
ence previous to .\ugust, 190S, or be a 
teacher in class .\ or H with 'A years' ex- 
perience and 'i years" normal training in 
an accredited scliool « .\l.so examination 
asfoUows: Division!. Common branches 
(see ;!(i-months' common school license), 
with minimmn average of 95 per cent and 
grade of 85 per cent. Division II. — (1) 
Literature and composition: (2) algebra 
or geometry, one required: (3) botany, 
zoology, cliemislry, physics, or physical 
geography, one required: (4) history and 
civics, Latin, (iennan, French, or Span- 
ish, one required: (.I) another subject to 
be selected from (2), V-i). or (4). Mini- 
mum averace, 85 per cent: grade, 75 per 
cent. Divisions must be taken sepa- 
rately, but both within one calendar 
year. .Additional subjects may be 
iaken. 

Same as for OO-month high-school license, 
except examination, which is as follows: 
Applicant must pass successfully (mini- 
mum average 95 per cent, grade 85 per 
cent) in five of following: Latin, German, 
French, Spanish, literature and compo- 
sition, history and civics, physical geog- 
raphy, commercial geography, zoology, 
botany, phy.sics, chemistry, commercial 
arithmetic, algebra, geometry, bookkeep- 
ing, and stenography. 6 

Applicant must have had 1 or more years' 
experience previous to August, 1908, or be 
a Class An teacher of 1 year's experience 
and 24 weeks' normal training in an ac- 
credited school, and must also pass suc- 
cessfully (minimimi general average 90 
per cent, grade SO per cent) in five of sub- 
jects named in requirements for rsfi- 
month high-school certificate. 



20 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table shoiving the frincifol features of teachers^ 
INDIANA— Continued . 



Name of oertLftcate. 


Issued by- 


VaUd in— 


Duration. 


i 

Renewal. ! 

1 
■1 


Territory. 


Schools. 


ri-month high- 
school certificate. 


State superintend- 
ent. 


State 


Designated sub- , 12 months... 
jectsinauyhigh 
school. 


Upon exami- j 
nation only. | 

1 


."{ti-m o n t h com- 
mon-school cer- 
tificate. 


(io 


do 


Connnoa liraiiches 


hi; months. .. 


j 

do 




do 


.do 


do 




do 


mon-sc h I li- 
cense. 












do 


do 


do 




do 


mon-school li- 
cense. 










Sti months' primary- 
school license. 

24 months' primary- 
school license. 

12 months' primary- 
school license. 

Kindergar ten 1 i - 
cense. 


...do 

do 


do 

... .do 


(First, second , 
\ third, and fourth 
( grades. 

Kindergarten 


36 months... 

• 24 months... 

12 months... 
12 months . . 


....do 

do 






Kindergarten di- 
ploma. 

Supervisor's license 
in music , art, 
manual training;, 
sewing, and 
cooking. 


Indorsed by state 
superintendent. 

State superintend- 
ent. 


... .do 


do 


Life 




do 


Supervisor or 
teacher of spe- 
cial subject ill 
any public 
school. 


12 months... 


Upon e.xami- 
nation only. 



c (irades in writing and spelling are determined from the manuscripts. Grammar and literature are 
graded from to 90 on correctness of answers and from to 10 on quality of English used. 

In determining the " success grade " ot each teacher in service the city, town, ana county superintendents 
are required by law to use the following scheme: (1) Teachmg power, 45 per cent; many items enter into 
this, but llie principal ones are preparation of lesson, sVill in presentation, and results attained; (2) go''eni- 
ment, Ab per cent ; t he teacher's power in government is shown in the general spirit of the school, and in the 
attitude the pupils take toward their daily tasks, toward each other, and toward the school property; (3) 
general characteristics, 20 per cent; under this head the personality of the teacher, his professional and com- 
rnvinity interest, and all those qualities that make for the best c'itizen.ship should be considered. (Froni 
Indiana Teachers' Licenses, Robert .1. Aley.) 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



21 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

INDIANA— Continued . 



Experience 
required. 



None. (See scliol- 
arsliip require- 
ments.) 



Same as for 30- 
month h i g h - 
school certificate. 



Questions 
prepared by — 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



I'apers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship rcquircinenls. 



Same as for 24 I . 
months' high- | 
school certificate.! 



None; same as for 
12 months' high- 
school certificate. 



I (Same as for respec- 
;.! tive com m o n- 
i [ school license. 



do 




do ... 









..do. 



.do. 



State superintend- Applicant must have been a teacher prior 
ent. to August, 1908, or a graduate of a com- 

missioned or certified high school with at 
least 12 weeks of normal training in an 
accredited school, and must also pass suc- 
cessfully (minimum average 85 per cent, 
grade 75 per cent) in a majority of the 
subjects attempted of those named in re- 
quirements for a 3t)-montli high-scliool 
certificate. 

do Same as for 3(i-month high-school license- 

except omission of division II of exami; 
nation, common branches are as follows: 
Arithmetic^ grammar. United States his- 
tory, physiology and scientific temper- 
ance, geography, reading, writing, spil- 
ing, literature, science of education, draw- 
! ing, and music. Drawing and music are 
i optional except in counties where they are 
specifically required. Examination in 
I reading-circle books for current year may 
I be susbtituted for examinations" in analo- 
gous subjeds. Minimum average 95 per 
cent, grade So per cent. A teacher hold- 
ing this license is in Class C." 

do Same as for 24 months' higii-school certifl- 

j cate, e.xcepl examination, which is in same 
I sulajects as for .31) months' common-.<;chool 
I certiiicate. Minimum average, 90 per 
I cent; grade, 80 per cent. A teacher hold- 
3 t ing this license is in class B.a 

.do ! Same as for 12 months' high-school certlfl- 

I cate, except examination, which is in 
I same subjects as for 3ti months' common- 
school certificate. Minunum average, 85 
per cent; grade, 75 per cent. A teacher 
holding this license is in class A. 

[Same scholarship requirements as for re- 
spective grades of common-school license, 
exce))! (hat special primary questions are 
given in arithmetic, reading, grammar, 
and science of education. 



.do. 



None. 



.do. 



None; same as 
for 12 months' 
common-scho o 1 
license. 



No examination required . 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do Any person eligible to any other examina- 
tion is eligible to this, which is in kinder- 
garten theory and practice, mu.sic, draw- 
mg, and English. Minimum average, 85 
per cent; grade, 75 per cent, 
flradnalion from an approved kindergarten 

training school. 
Same as for 12 months' common-.school li- 
cense except examination, which is in 
special subject (minimum grade, 85 per 
cent) and iii literature and composition, 
arithmetic. United States history, and 
physiology, and scientific temperance 
; (minimurii average, 85 per cent; grade, 
: 75 per cent). Courses in approved 
; 1 schools in special subject will be ac- 

i i cepted in lieu of norma! training. 

a Class -1.— .V teacher without experience: Shall be a graduate of a hi.di school or its equivalent; shall 
have had not less than one term of 12 weeks' work in a school maintaining a professional course for (he train- 
ing of teachers: shall have not less than a 12 months' license. 

Class B.— A teacher with 1 year's experience: Shall be a graduate of a high school or its equivalent; shall 
have had not less than two terms of 24 weeks' work in a school maintaining a professional course for the 
training of teachers or the equivalent of such work; shall have not less than a 2 years' license; shall have 
a success .grade. 

Class C— .\ teacher with 3 or more years' successful experience: Shall be a graduate of a high school or 
its equivalent: shall be a graduate from a school maintaining a professional course for the training of teachers, 
or its equivalent; shall have a 3 years' license or its equivalent; shall have a success grade. 

Provided, That for teachers already in the service successful experience in teaching shall be accepted as 
an equivalent for high school and professional training, as required by all the above classifications.— (From 
l^aws, 1907, ch. 101, sec. 2.1 



22 



•ika('hi:k8 certificates. 



A. — Table showing thf prinripal featnr.'s of tcachfrx' 
INDIANA— Continued . 



Valid in- 



Name of cerlificate. 



Issued bV' 



Territory. 



Special liceuse (ru- | State board of ed- State . 
ral and town j tication. 
schools). ' 



Schools. 



Rural and town 
schools ; c o m - 
men branches. 



County high school: 

36 months j County superin- i County 

tendent. 
24 months 
12 months 



3 years I Upon exami- 

I nation only. ' 



j"* , I [•Same a.s for corresponding license issued by .state 

do do. . . 



County common 
school: 

36 months [ do . 

24 months [ do. . 

12 months ' do. . 

County primary: 

36 months ' do . . 

24 months do.. 

12 months do.. 

Exemption license do. . 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



do 

do 

do 

do 



[•Same as for corresponding license Issued by state 

Same as for corresponding license issued by state 
Any 



So long as 
holder re- 
mains con- 
tinuously 
in service. 



IOWA. 

[Code of Iowa. Sec;. 2629-2631, 2634, 2734. 



State diploma. 



State board of ex- i State Any i For life. 

aminors. i 



State certificate: di 

Without exami- 
nation. 



I'pon exaniin;!- 
tion). 



Primary teachers" 
state certificate. 



Special state cer- 
tificate (includ- 
ing kindergarten). 

First-grade county 
certificate. 



Second-grade 
count y certifi- 
catr. 




lo I First, .second, and I do . 

third grades. 



.do Any, in subjects do. 

or depanments 

named, 
.do do 3 vears. 




2 years. 



Same as for 
state certifi- 
cate. 

Upon proofs 
of successful 
teaching 
and profes- 
sional study 
during life 
of certificate. 

I f markings 
are as high 
as required 
for first- 
grade, same 
as for first- 
grade. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



28 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

INDIANA— Continued . 



Kxperience , Questions Papers exam- 

required, prepared by — ' ined by — 



None - 



Sfliolarshi p " i-eq u irotiients . 



State board of ed- ■ State board of ed- 
ucation, ucation. 



superintendenl 

superinieudpnl 

superintendent 

I 

I 6 years 



Completion of special 2 years' course for 
teachers in accredited schools. Holders 
of this license who have no experience are 
in class A; those with one or more years' 
experience are in class B." 

I County superin- '1 
ieiidcnv I Same as for corresponding license issued' 
do I by state superintendent. 
do 



.do. 
.do. 
do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



No examination required Holder uf a :'.(. inuiiths 

I license. 



Loinnion-school 



IOWA. 

[Code of Iowa. Sees. 2629-2631, 2634, 2734.] 



5 years . 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



2 years . 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



None . . . . 
36 weeks. 



None. 



.do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



-do. 



.do. 



In addition to branches required lor a state 
certificate, e.xamination in geometry, 
trigonometry, chemistry, zoology, geol- 
ogy, astronomy, political economy, Eng- 
lish literature, and general history. 

Gradtiation from state university, normal 
schools, and colleges of agriculture, and 
other educational institutions in the 
State having regular collegiate courses of 
equal rank. The record must show at 
least semester hours in psychology and 
14 in education. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
writing, arithmetic, geography, English 
grammar, bookkeeping, physiology, his- 
torj^ of United States, algebra, botany, 
physics, drawing. United States civics, 
Iowa civics, school laws of Iowa, didactics. 

Examination in psychology of the child, 
school management, history of education, 
school laws of Iowa, drawing, primary 
methods, plant study, vocal music, phys- 
ical culture. 

Same as for special county certificate. 



E.xamination in reading, orthography, 
writing, arithmetic, geography, gram- 
mar. United States history, music, phys- 
iology and hygiene with reference to 
effects of stimthlants and narcotics, ele- 
mentary civics, elementary economics, 
elementary physics, and elementary 
algebra. 

Same as for first-grade county certificate, 
except that an examination in the last 
four subjects named above is not re- 
quired. Lower average required. 



oSee note p. 21. 



24 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers^ 
IOWA— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 


• Issued by- 


VaUdin— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Thiid-grade count y 
certificate. 

Provisioual county 
certificate. 

Special county cer- 
tificate (incluci- 
inj; kindergarten). 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 

do 


State 

do 

do 


Any in subjects 
or departments 
named. 

Limited to county 
for which is- 
sued. 

Any, in subjects 
or departments 
named. 


monthis 

.....do 

3 years 


Not renewa- 
b 1 e. Not 
more than 
two may be 
issued to 
same person. 

Not renewa- 
ble. 

Same as for 
first-g r a d e 
county. 



KANSAS. 

[Laws rolatiJig to the common schools of Kans., 1909, pp. 18-24, 27-34, 115, 129-130, 143. Manual of the 
Board of Education, State of Kans., 1910, pp. 5-38.] 



Life diploma . 



Life certificate. 



3 - year renewable 
certificate (upon 
complete exami- 
nation to non- 
graduates'). 



- year renewable 
certificate [upon 
partial examina- 
tion to graduates 
(professional 
examinat ion 
course)]. 



State board of \ State, 
education. 



.do. 



.do. 



Any. 



Life. 



.do. 



.do. 



3 years . 



Lapses if 
holder is not 



school work 
for 3 years. 
Life certificate 
granted if 2 
years of suc- 
cessful e X - 
perience. 



.do. 



.do. 



3 -year renewable do. 

certificate [with- | 
out examination 
to graduates (arts 
eoiir.se)]. 



.do do 



.do. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



25 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

IOWA— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



None. 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



State board of ex- State board of ex- 
aminers, aminers. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Scholarship rccpiin^inonts. 



Examination in the same subjects required 
for a second-grade county certificate. 
Ivower average required. 



E.xamination in the same subjects required 
for a third-grade county certificate. 
Lower minimum grade accepted. 

Examination in the suliject or group of 
subjects for which a certificate is sought. 
Some rank as first-grade county or regular 
state certificates. Examination in pro- 
fessional subjects also required. 



KANSAS. 



I Laws relating to the common schools of Kans., 1909, pp. lS-24. 27-34, 115, 129-180. 143. 
Board of Educa.ion, Slate of Kans., 1910, pp. 5-38.] 



.Manual of the 



5 years; ^2 in State. 



2 years under 3- 
year renewable 
certificate. 



1 year. 



State board 
education. 



State board 
education. 



No examination required. 



Examination in all subjects required for a 
3-year certificate and, in addition, in 
political economy, zoology, and Latin, 
German, or French. Mininuun average, 
85 per cent; minimum grade, 70 fer cent. 

Holder of 3-year renewable certificates. 



State board 
education. 



State board 
education. 



of 



None. . . 



.do. 



....do 



Examination in first 12 subjects named 
under professional certificate, and in ad- 
dition orthoepy, comrosition, plane and 
solid geometry, physical geography, me- 
diaeval and modern history, civil gov- 
ernment, including the government of 
Kansas, botany, general psychology, his- 
tory of education, school law, methods 
of instruction, chemistry, drawing, and 
music. For any 2 of the last 3 named, 
any 2 of the following 3 may be sub- 
stituted: Zoology, political economy or 
Latin, including Caesar and Virgil. 
Standings as under life di] loma. 

do Graduation from an educational institu- 
tion in the United States whose cour.se 
is accredited as "etficient" as the 4-year 
courses of study in the Kansas state nor- 
mal school entitles apj^l leant to credit 
in those subjects of tlie examination 
which were completed in such institu- 
tion. In addition, examination is re- 
quired in the following 5 professional 
subjects: Philosophy of education, his- 
tory of education, school laws, methods 
of teaching, and school management. 
Standings as under life diploma. 

Graduation from the arts course, including 

the course in education, of the Univer- 
sity of Kansas, or of any other accredited 
institution in the State maintaining 
same or equivalent entrance require- 
ments and a regular 4-year course includ- 
ing a department of education, provided 
the course in education includes all sub- 
jecls required for a teacher's diploma 
from the university. 



26 



KACH KKS CKHTIFIC'ATES. 



\. - I'ltfdc .shoirnii/ tlw jin iici juil /cut urcx n/ Icafhcn 
KANSAS -('(nitiuued. 



N;uiu' ol t-prli(icate. ' Issued by— 



.'{-year noiiicucwa- Slalc board of ed 
b 1 e cerlificale ticarion 
(normal practice 

leaching course). 



Indiisuial ccrlifi- 
calcs: 
Manual training. 
I'pon cxami- 
nafion. 





Valid in- 




Territory. ' Schools. ' 


ed- 


State , Any 



Duration. 



3 years 



^\■ilhoul I'xain- . 
ination. 


...do 


Domestic science. 




I'pon exanii- . 
nation. 


...do 


Wilhuul exam- . 
ination). 
Normal training . 
certificate. 


..do 
...do 



.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do 



Any seliool in sub- 
j e c t s 'named, t 
provided holder 
has also a valid j 
Kansas teacher's I 
certificate: ; 

....do I 



do ■ do. 

do I do. 

Any I 2 years . 



Count V 


ceriificaies: 


I'rofe 


■-sional cer- 


tifi( 


ate. 



County 4)oard of 
examiners. 



County, ex- 
cept in 
cities of 
first and 
s e c n d 
class. 
May be 
i n dorsed 
in other 
counties 
for unex- 
p i r p d 
time. 

...do 



.do. 



.do 2 years . 



Renewal . 



N o n-r enewa- 
ble. May se- 
cure renew- 
able certifi- 
cate by pass- 
ing exami- 
nation in 
professional 
subjects. 



2 years if ex- 
perience is 
satisfactory; 
otherwise 1 
year. 

do 



.do. 



.do. 



2 years at a 
time; indefi- 
nitely. 



For :3 years 
without ex- 
am ination, 
provided 
certain con- 
ditions are 
met . b 



Upon e.xami- 
nation. 



Kirst-grade 
tificatp. 



Second-grade cer- do . 

tiflcate. 



a The stale board of education lias established I he following rules governing the renewal of normal-training 
certificates: 

First. Evidence of successful experience and professional interest on the part of holders of such certifi- 
cates satisfactory to the stale board of education. 

Second. Holders shall attend 2 county teachers' ins'titutes, provided that attendance at an approved 
summer training .school for 2 .summers sliall be accepted in lieu of such institute attendance. 

Third. Holders shall pursue such a course of professional reading as shall be outlined by the state board 
of education 

Fourth. Holders shall have taught 1 year of at least 20 weeVs out of the 2 years, provided that attendance 
at a recognized institution of higher learning for 2 years shall be accepted in lieu of the required teaching 
experience. 

It is expected Hint holders will attend 1 of the 2 institutes required before beginning to teacli. 



STATE LAWS AND KKtail^A TIONS. 



27 



certijiciitcx in the idridus Stales — Conlinued. 

KANSAS- Coiitimied. 



i Experience Questions i Papers exam- 

' required. prepared by— ' ined by— 



20 weeks of prac- No e\aniinatioii requireil 
tice teaching. i 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



do 






do 

do 


i State board of ed- 
ucation 


State l)oard ol ed- 
ucation. 


do 


... - Stale boanl of ed- 
ucation. 


Examiners ap- 
pointed by state 
lioard of "edur'a- 
tion. 



:il' school months 



County board of 
examiners. 



Scluilarslup rc(|uirciiicms. 



Graduation from tlie normal course of 1 of 
certain Kansas institutions whose courses 
of study include all subjects required for 
the 0-year certificate and has received the 
approval of the slate boanl of educition. 



Examination nuisl show ability to teadi 
both theory and laboratory work in clay 
modeling, "cardboard construction, bas- 
ketry, joinery, furniture making, wood 
turning, andmechanical drawing in ele- 
mentary and high schools. 

Craduation from accredited course in a 
manual-training institution. 

Examination must show ability to teach 
sewing and cooking in eleme'ntary and 
high schools. 

Same as for manual-training certificale 
(without examination). 

The applicant must be agraduate of a 4-year 
high-school course approved by the state 
board of education. That course must 
include a prescribed course in normal 
training. 'I'he applicant is examined in 
arithmetic, grammar, geography, read- 
ing, .\merican history, psychology, 
methods of instruction, and si'liool man- 
agement. Miuiminn average, ^o per cent; 
mininuim grade, (iO per cent. 

Examinations in orthography, reading, 
writing, grammar, geography, arithme- 
tic, history of Kansas, rnited States 
history, Constitution of United States, 
tiookkeeping, physiology and hygiene, 
theory and praci ice of teaching, elements 
of physics, algebra, English literature, 
and general history, with minimum 
average of 90 per (*!it anil luiiiinium 
grade of s.t per cent. 



12 months do , do : E.vaminalion in all subjects rc([uircd for 

I I professional certificate except general 

' ! ' history and physi s. Minimum stand- 

I i j ings 90 ])er cent and 70 per cent. 

Smonths do do I Examination in all subjects rc(iuired for 

I ' f^rst grade except bookkeeping and litera- 

I tare. Minimum standings so per cent 

and CO per cent. 

6 Conditions are as follows: (1) No uonleaching period of more than 2 years; (2) attended 90 per cent of I 
of last 3 county institutes; (3) a regular and active member of county teachers' association; (4) a sub- 
scriber to an educational ioiu'nal: and (5) does such professional work as .state or county superintendent 
may direct. 



28 



TEACH EKS C EKT 1 F lO AXES . 



A. Table shov ing the priiidy.nJ fcdivres of ledvlurx' 
KANSAS— Continued . 



Naineof cer iflcate. Issued b}'— 



County c e r t i f i • 
cates— Cont'd. 
Third-grade cer- 
tificate. 



Upon exami- 
nation. 



Special 




Temporary 
tiflcate.s. 



Local certiiicates: 
Cities of first and Examining com- | City 
second class. [ inittee 

Common-school 
district having 
over 10 teachers. 
County high 
school. 
Institute cer- 
tificates: 

Conductor's j State board of ed- ! State [ Institutes j 1 year. 

ucation. 



Instructor 



5 years to 
holder of 
c onductor's 
c e r t i ficate 
who has suc- 
cessf ully 
con ducted 
one i n s 1 1- 
tute. 

Syearstohold- 
er vfho has 
taught suc- 
cessfully in 
one insti- 
tute. 

1 year 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



29 



'■/rtijicates in the various States — Continued . 

KANSAS— Continued. 



Kxporience 
"required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by- 



Scholarship ref|iiircnient.s. 



None . 



State board of ed- ; County board of i Examination in all subjects required for 
ucation. examiners. second grade except algebra. Minimum 

standings SO per cent and f'.O per cent. ■ 



.do. 



County superintendent when exanii- j Upon written request of a district board, 

nation is required. * j county superintendent may issue certifi- 

I I eateif he believes the applicant possesses 

"the necessary qualifications of a 

teacher." 



Varies . 
do. 



Examining committee when examina- 
tion is required. I 

...!.do 



.do. 



8 years as a teacher. No examinal ion required . . 



5 years as a teacher do 



Not fixed . 



Varies; as determined by each local board. 
Must be judged competent to teach in 
department named. 
f)o. 



Musi ha\ e taught siucessfuUx' under cer- 
tificate in three normal institutes, not 
more than two of which were in the same 
year. This rule may be w^aived in the 
case of applicants of high professional 
standing and long experience in educa- 
tional work. 



Holder of state certificate or life diploma or 
one whose professional experience and 
abilitv warrants. 



.do •' Board must be satisfied as to special qual- 

1 ifications." 



30 



I'KACH EKS ("EKTIFJCATKS. 



A. — Table ahoiriiu/ the jir'mri pal fcdliireH iif tearhers' 
KENTUCKY. 



C'oiiiiiion Sclidol I.nws of Ky.; 1910, pp. 12, 27-33, 133-134, 158, IGli. Biennial Report of Stale Superin- 
tendent of I'ublic Instruction o IKy., 1908-9, pp. 28-29.) 



Valid in- 



Name of certificate. : Issued by — I — 



Territory, i Schools. 



State diploma State board of ox- j State. 

aminers. 



,\11V 




St ate cert ificat e .... I do 



.do. 



-do. 



University diploma 
(B. A. in educa- 
tion). 

-\ d V a n e e d uni- 
versity and nor- 
mal school certifi- 
cates. 



Intermediate uni- 
versity and nor- 
mal school cer- 
tificate. 

Elementary uni- 
versity and nor- 
mal school certifi- 
cate. 

Kentuckj' Normal 
and Industrial 
Institute certifi- 
cates. 

First-class county 
certificate. 



Second-class county 

certificate. 
Third-class comity 

certificate. 



Board of trustees 
(approved by 
state siiperin- 
lendent). 

Board of trustees 
of univ., board 
ofref,'ents of nor- 
mal schools, sub- 
ject to approval 
of state superin- 
tendent. 

do 



. «.do. 



.do.. 



.do. 



Life, unless 
holder fails 
to teach 2 
successive 
years. 

8 years, un- 
less holder 
fails to 
teach 2 
successive 
years. 

Life 



Original p e - 
riod on rec- 
o m m e n - 
d a t i n of 
county 
board of ex- 
aminers. 



3 vears. 



.do I 4 years . 



.do. 



.do : 2 vears. 



For life upon 
evidence of 
succes s f u 1 
teaching 
and ap- 
proval of 
state super- 
intendent. 

Nonrenewable. 



.do. 



Board of truslecs. 



Colored schools ' Life. 



County board of | County 
examiners. 



.do. 
.do. 



.\n v 4 vears . 



.do. 
.do. 



2 years . 
1 year. . 



May be re- 
neveed a n - 
nually for 
4 years if 
holder has 
taught 8 con- 
sec u t i V e 
years under 
first grade 
certificate. 

Nonrenewable 

Not issued 
more than 
once to same 
person. 



STATE LAWS AND ItKGULATIONS. 



31 



verii.ficates u) the various States — Continued. 

KENTUCKY. 



ICommon School Laws of Ky.; 1910, pp. 12, 27-33, 133-134, loS, ItiCi. Uieimial Keporl of State Superiii- 
tendenl of Public Instruciion of Ky.. 1908-9, pp. 28-29.] 



!■■. xpericncc 
required. 



Questions 
prejiarod by 



Papers exam- 
ined liv- 



Scholarsliip rcipiiremenls 



2 years in State ... State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



Examinalion in subjects required for a 
state eertificate and, in addition, in ge- 
ometry, physios, and elementary Latin 
I with niiiiimum average of 90 per cent and 

fjrade of 7i> per ceni'. 

2 years | do j do Rxaminalion in subjects required for 

county certifica1^^s and in English litera- 
ture, algebra, higher arithmetic, and 
psychology, with a minimum average of 
(tn'per cent and grade of 70 per cent, and 
recommendation of county board of ex- 
aminers. 

None I I Bachelor of Arts in education I'rom state 

university. 

ConipleUon of :5 years' worl; ii^departmenl 
of education of state university or in 
state normal schools. 



r'pl 2 years' woik. 




.do. 



Same, except I year worU. 



.do 



(Jradualion from iiislilulion. 



State board of ex- Coimty boaid of Examination in spelling, leading, writing, 
aminers. ' examiners. grammar, geography, arithmetic. United 

States liistory, history of Kentuclcy, 
composition, physiologv and hygiene, 
including nature" and elt'ects of alcoholic 
drinks, etc., with minimum average of 
8.5 per cent and grade of (i.'i per cent. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do Same, except minimum average of 75 per 

cent and grade of 5.5 per cent. 

.do Same, except minimum average of fl.5 per 

cent and grade of 50 per cent. 



32 



TEACHERS CEETIFICATES. 



A. — Table shoii'iin/ ffir prinri pnl features of teachers' 
LOUISIANA. 
[Sixth Compilation of the Laws or La. relating to public schools, 1908, pp. tJ5-69, 122, 146, 147.) 



Name of certificate. 



Issued by^ 



Stat* certificate . , . . State board of ex- 
aminers. 



Valid in— 



Territory. 



Duration. 



Schools. 



State Any. 



10 years. 



First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Parish board of 
exaininers. 



Second-grade cer- 
tificate. 



.do. 



Parish; pa- 
pers may 
be sent to 
anot her 
parish 
superin- 
tendent 
upon his 
request. 



.do. 



5 years . 



.do 3 years. 



.do. 



Third-grade certifl- do. 

cate. 



Normal-school di- Institutions State do. 

ploma j named in last 

! column. 



Special certificate..! Parish e.xamining [ Parish | Special academic 

committee. j 1 department 

; named. 



1 year. 



5 years. 



Renewal. 



May be re- 
newed by 
board. 



Extended 1 
year for at- 
tendance 
state sum- 
mer normal 
school for 9 
weeks or 
more. 



Extended 1 
year tor at- 
tendance 
state sum- 
mer normal 
school 9 
weeks. 



1 year if sum- 
mer school 
is attended 
9 weeks. 



4 years For 4 years by 

authority is- 
I s u i n g "d i - 
ploma.o 



No n renew- 
able. 



a State superintendent may renew for graduates of Peatody Normal School. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



33 



rertificates in the various States — Continued. 

LOUISIANA. 
[Sixth compUation of the Laws of La. relating to public schools, 1908, pp. 65-69, 122, 146, 147.] 



Experience 
required. 



None. 



.do. 



Questions 
prepared by — 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



State board of ex- ' State board of ex- 
aminers, aminers. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



Parish board of 
examiners. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



Parish examining 
committee. 



Scholarship requirements. 



Examination in subjects required for first- 
grade certificate and also in literature, 
chemistry, bookkeeping, Latin, general 
history, botany, history of education, 
psychology, and school administration. 
Completion of course in any subject by a 
graduate of any institution in Louisiana 
authorized by law to issue diplomas certi- 
fied to by the president of such institu- 
tion secures credit of satisfactory exami- 
nation in that subject; this does not ap- 
ply to subjects in the field of ed\ication. 

Examination in higher algebra, physics, 
geometry, penmanship and drawing, 
theory "and art of teaching, English 
grammar and composition, arithmetic 
(written and mental), political and 
physical geography. United States his- 
tory, and agriculture; if applicant holds a 
third-grade certificate, also in reading, 
constitutions of Louisiana and of the 
United States, and spelling. An appli- 
cant who holds no certificate nor is a 
graduate of an institution authorized to 
issue diplomas must, in addition to the 
first-grade subjects, take the third-grade 
e.xamination in physiology and hygiene 
and the second-grade examination in 
constitutions of Louisiana and of the 
United States and spelling. 

Examination in grammatical analysis, 
physical and political geography, ele- 
mentary algebra, theory and art of teach- 
ing, arithmetic. United States history, 
agriculture, reading, constitutions of 
Louisiana and United States, and spell- 
ing; if applicant does not hold third- 
grade certificate, also in penmanship and 
drawing, and physiology and hygiene. 
Minimum average 80 per cent, minimum 
grade ,50 per cent; average of 70 per cent 
entitles applicant to third-grade certifi- 
cate. 

Examination in spelling, reading, penman- 
ship, drawing, arithmetic, English gram- 
mar, geography, United States history, 
constitutions of United States and of 
l>ouisiana, physiology and hygiene with 
special reference to the etfecis of stimu- 
lants and narcotics, and theory and art 
of teaching. Minimum average, 75 per 
cent; minimum grade, 48 per cent. 

Diplomas from Peabody Normal School; 
State Normal School; City Norma! 
School, New Orleans; Department of 
Philosophy and Education, Louisiana 
State University, Teachers' College of Tu- 
lane University. 

Examination in subjects to be taught. 



Note.— General average obtained upon examination is increased 15 per cent for attendance upon state 
summer normal schools for 9 weeks. Examination must be taken within one year from date of attendance 

63200—10 3 



34 



TEACHEES CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Tnhlc ahoiriiKi Ihc jirinripal /(Hitwes of teacher h' 
MAINE. 
IMaine School Laws, 1909, p. 13, 38. Circular " Kxamination for state certificates," 1904.) 



Name of certificate. Issued by- 



State certificates: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 
Public - school 
grade. 



Ura miliar or 
common 
school grade. 



Common-school 

grade. 
T r i 111 a v y or 
com m o n 
school grade. 
Without exami- 
nation. 
Town certificate 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



Valid in— 



Territory. 



Schools. 



Any. 



do. 

do. 

do. 



-do. 

-do. 
.do. 

-do. 



Common schools . 



.do. 
-do. 



Duration. 



Life, 5, 3, or 
1 vear.o 



Renewal. 



One renewal 
without re- I 
examination. 



-do. 



-do. 
.do. 



(a) 



Town superintend- 
ent. 



Town Branches upon 

which exam- 
ined. 



do. 

1 year . 



.do. 
-do. 

.do. 



Without ex- 
amination. 



»< a The period for which the certificate is granted is determined primarily bv facts of experience as stated 
•on reverse of certificate. For a life certificate, as determined by these facts alone, the candidate must have 
actually taught at least 18 terms; for a 5 years' certificate, at least 9 terms; and for a 3 years', at least 5 terms 
ior any less than 5 terms of actual teaching the 1 year's certificate is gi-anted. The force of these facts is 
however, modified, first by graduation from normal school, such graduation counting as the equivalent of 
an actual experience of 3 terms; second, by conditions of rank in wTitten examination, a verv low rank in 
one or more subjects as compared with average rank reducing the term on the assumption that the candi- 
date will desire to attain higher rank and thus a higher grade of certificate, and so will wish the sooner to 
take a reexa-nination; third, by extent of professional reading, the candidate who has evidently read little 
in this direction being granted certificate of shorter term than might otherwise have been granted On the 
■Other hand especial excellence in ranks attained in examination or in estimates of references, will serve as 
■an equivalent for some small lack of experience. A 5 years' certificate, for example, may thus be granted 
when the number of terms taught is only 7 or 8 instead of the full number required primarily 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



35 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

MAINE. 
[Maine School Laws, 1909, p. 13, 38. Circular " Examination for state certificates," 1904.] 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by — 


Papers exam- 
ined by — 


Scholarship requirements. 


18, 9, 5, or terms.o 


State superintend- 


State superintend- 


Written examination in reading, writing, 
spelling, arithmetic, geography, English 




ent. 


ent. 








granmiar. United States history, physi- 
ology and hygiene, elementary science or 














nature study, civil govermnent, theory 








and practice of teaching, and school law; 








minhnum average 90 per cent, minimum 








grade 70 per cent; also graduation from 








college or full college-preparatory course 








of first-class seminary or exceptionally 








high rank with ability to teach college 








preparatory studies, including at least one 








ancient and one modern language, and a 








recommendation for high school work 








given by references. Reports of refer- 








ences are taken into account,'' also 








statements contained in preluninary 








examination, c 


do ,. 


do 


do 


Examination in same subjects; minimum 






average 80 per cent, minimum grade 70 








per cent. Account also taken of state- 








ments of references and of preliminary 








examination.'' '■ 


do 


do 


do 


Same, except mijiinium average and grade 








70 per cent and 50 per cent.h <■ 


do 


do 


do 


Same, e.xcept no minimum average is stip- 








ulated, and minunum grade is placed at 








35 per cent. 


do 


do 


do 


Graduation from a Maine state normal 






school. rf 


As determined by 


Town superintend- 


Town superintend- 


Examination in reading, spelling, gram- 


town superin- 


ent. 


ent. 


mar, geogi-aphy, history, arithmetic. 


tendent. 






civil govermnent, bookkeeping, physi- 
ology with special reference to effect of 
alcoholic drinks, stinuilants, and nar- 
cotics, elements of the natural sciences, 
especiaUy as applied to agriculture and 














such other branches as superintending 








school committee desires to introduce 








into the public school, particularly into 








the school for which he is examined. 



6 The applicant is required to furnish the names of 5 references, to 3 of whom are sent circular letters asking 
each to estimate the applicant's fitness as excellent, good, fair, poor, or very poor in each of the following 
points except the last named: Moral character, success in gaining cooperation of pupils and parents, tact in 
directing and controlling pupils, interest in work, energy, enthusiasm, skill in instructing, power in stimu- 
latiag pupils to do their best, influence over pupils out of school, efforts for self-improvement, extent of 
geaeral reading, manners as influencing those of pupils, capacity for work, for what kind of school would 
you recommend the candidate. 

These statements are then graded by the state superintendent according to the following scale: E.xcel- 
lent, 90 to 100 per cent; good, 70 to 90 per cent; fair, 50 to 70 per cent; poor, 30 to 50 per cent ; and very poor, 
1 to 30 per cent. The average of the 3 reports determines the rating for each element of fitness. 

« The preliminary examination consists of filling out a blank form concerning the life, education, experi- 
ence, special preparation, and reading of the applicant and other facts bearing upon his probable ability 
as a teacher. The names of 5 references are also required. 

d Graduates of state normal schools are admitted to all classes of state certificates. In determining the 
grade of certificate to be given to each graduate, consideration is given to the grade of .work done by the 
student during the course, experience in teaching, if any, before entrance to the course, and rank attained 
in examination. 



36 



TEACHERS CEETIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal fedf.ures of lenchers' 
MARYLAND. 



[The Publiu School Laws of 1910, pp. 12, 24, 2t), 31-32. By-Laws, Rules, and Regulations of the I'ublio 
School System of Maryland, 1908, pp. 18-21.] 



Name of certificate. Issued by- 



Life certificate: 
Without examin- 
ation. 



State l)oard of edu- 
cation. 



Upon examina- ; do. 

tion. 



State nonnal di- 
ploma. 



State normal certi- 
ficate. 



University, college, 
and normal di- 
plomas. 



County certificates: 
First grade 

First class 

Second class 

Second grade 

First class 

Second class 



.do. 



Principal of school 
and state board. 



Indorsed by state 
superintendent. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



Schools. 



State. . . 



.do. 



.do. 
-do. 



-do. 



.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

-do. 



County. 



Duration. 



Life. 



-do. 



.do. 



5 years . 



Varies: may 
be for life. 



6 months 
after elec- 
tion to a 
pos i t i o n 
within 15 
months 
after date 
of issuance. 



Renewal. 



For life, upon 
2 years' ex- 
perience and 
recommen- 
dation of 
county su- 
perintendent. 



For 5 years if 
county su- 
perintend- 
ent is satis- 
fied of hold- 
er's fitness 
to teach and 
govern. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



37 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

MARYLAND. 

[The Public School Laws of 1910, pp. 12, 24, 26, 31-32. By-Laws, Rules, and Regulations of the Public 
School System of Maryland, 1908, pp. 18-21.] 



E.\perience Questions 

required. prepared l)y- 



7 years, 5 in Mary- 
land. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent subject to 
approval of 
i state board. 
1 year i No examination required 



None do. 



Papers e.xam- 
ined by — 



State superintend- 
ent. 



Varies; lefttojudg- ' do. 

ment of state 
superintendent. 



None I County superin- 

1 tendent. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



Srholarship requirements. 



Holder of first-class certifleate: unanimous 
recommendations of county board of 
school commissioners; satisfactory proof 
of liberal education and professional 
study, equivalent to graduation from 
some reputable college. 

Same as above; board of eduoation may re- 
quire any applicant to pass a satisfactory 
examination. 

Graduation from a state noniial school of 
Maryland or of the normal department of 
Washington College. 

None specified . 



Graduation from approved higher institu- 
tion in Maryland, including completion 
of 2 years' professional course prescribed 
by state board of education. 

/Examination for first grade same as that 
for second grade except the omission of 
the history of Maryland and the addition 
of bookkeeping, algebra (without limita- 
tions), natural philosophy, plane geom- 
etry (4 books), and general history. Ex- 
amination for second grade in "orthog- 
raphy, reading, writing, arithmetic, 
geography. United States history, his- 
tory of Maryland, grammar, Constitutions 
of tjnited "States and Maryland, algebra 

( (to quadratics), theory and practice of 
teaching, physiology, and laws and by- 
laws of the public school system of Mary- 
land. The grade of certificate is deter- 
mined by the scholastic qualifications as 
shown iti the examination. The class of 
certificate under each grade is determined 
by a consideration of the (a) scholarship, 
(ft) executive ability, (c) personality, and 
(d) teaching power' of the applicant, and 
of such other points as the state board of 
education may approve. 



38 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal feaf.ii res nf teachers' 
MASSACHUSETTS. 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by — 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Union superintend- 
ent's certificate. 

Local certificates . . . 


State board of edu- 
cation. 

School committee. 


State 

Town . . 


Superintendent... 


From 1 to 5 
years. 

1 year, usu- 
ally. 


At pleasure of 
board; may 
be renewed 
if record is 
satisfactory. 

Very variable 
practice. 









MICHIGAN. 

(School Laws, 1909, sees. 59, 165, 177, 287, 301, 334. Public Acts of Michigan, 1903, eh. 213; 1905, chs. 24, 
148; 1907, chs. 112, 125; 1909, ch. 165.] 



University of 


Regents of univer- 
sity. 

State board of ed- 
ucation. 

do 


State 

do 


Any 


Life 




Michigan certifi- 
cate. 

State life certificate. 


do 


do 




College certificate . . 


do 


do 


4 years 

Life 


For life after 
3 years' ex- 
perience. 


Advanced State 


do 


do 


do 


Normal College, 
Central Normal, 
Northern N o r - 
mal, or Western 
Normal certifi- 

State Normal Col- 


do 


do 




3 years 

do 


By state board 
of education, 
for 3 years 
after 3 years' 
s u c c e ssful 
teaching. 

do 


lege, Central Nor- 
mal, Northern 
Normal, or West- 
ern Normal cer- 
tificate. 
State Normal Col- 


do 


do 


In rural schools 


lege, Central Nor- 
mal, Northern 
Normal, or West- 
ern Normal rural 
school certificate. 











a As determined by state board of education. 

b Qualifications of certain superintendents of schools determined by the state board of education. 

c As determined by school committee. 

^Sec. 28. It [The school committee] shall select and contract with the teachers of the public schools, shall 
require full and satisfactory evidence of their moral character, and shall ascertain by personal examina- 
tion their qualifications for teaching and their capacity for the government of schools; or in lieu thereof, 
may accept the diplomas granted by the state normal schools of this Commonwealth to their graduates. 

Sec. 29. Every teacher shall, before he opens any public school, obtain from the school committee a 
certificate, in duplicate, of his qualifications, one of which shall be deposited with the selectmen, or, in a 
city, with the auditor or treasurer or with any officer who may be prescribed on the charter, before any pay- 
ment is made to him on account of his services. (Mass. School Laws, 1909, p. 24.) 

The authority and duty of the school committee of a town are not confined to ascertaining by e.xamina- 
tion the literary qualifications of teachers and their capacity for the government of schools, but they are 
the sole judges of their quafifleations in all respects to teach and govern the schools for which they are 
selected. (9 .Mien, 94.) 

The school committee have the whole power to examine teachers. (Bachelder v. City of Salem, 4 
Cush., 599.) 

The committee are to find such teachers [good teachers] by examination. The most satisfactory exami- 
nation will be made by observing a teacher at his work. If this can not be done, the candidate may be 
e.xamined by questions which shall test his ability to teach the branches of learning to be pursued in the 
schools, also his ability to organize and control a school. [Note in Mass. School Law, 1892, p. 42, and 
repeated for several years.] 

Chaf)ter 215, acts of 1904, provides as follows: 

In all the superintendency unions in which any part of the expense of the superintendent is borne by 
the Commonwealth the state board of education shall determine, by examination or otherwise, the quali- 
fications of candidates for the position of superintendent of public schools; and, after the first day of Janu- 
ary, in the year nineteen hundred and five, no per.son shall be elected to such position who does not hold 
a certificate of fitness and competency from said board: Provided, however, That this act shall not apply 
to any superintendency union in which one town does not receive aid from the Commonwealth for expense 
of a superintendent until the termination of the contract, if any, existing between such towns at the time 
of the passage of this act. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



39 



certificates in the various States — ("ontinued. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by— 


Scholarsliip requirements. 


(a) 


Co) 
(«) 


(») 


See footnote 6. 
See footnote d. 



[School Laws, 1909, sees. . 



MICHIGAN. 

3, 165, 177, 287, 301, 334. Public Acts of Micliigan, 1903, ch. 213, 1905, chs. 2*, 
148; 1907, chs. 112, 125; 1909, ch. 165.] 



None No examination required . 



2 years. 
None. . 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Possession of bachelor's, master's, or doc- 
tor's degree, and also a teacher's diploma 
for work done in the science and the art 
of teaching in the university or in equal 
institution. 

Eminent scholarship and ability shown by 
examinations in every study required 
for such certiflcate.o 

Possession of bachelor's, master's, or doc- 
tor's degree of approved college, with at 
least a 1-year course in science and art 
of teaching and observation of actual 
school work. 

Two years' normal course after 4 years' 
high school or 4 years' course after tenth 
grade. 



One year's normal work after 4 years high 
school. 



Two years' normal work and 1 term if no 
high-school credits. 



a Algebra, botany. United States history, civil government, arithmetic, literature, chemistry, general 
history, geography, geology, Latin, geometry, orthography, theory and art of teaching, rhetoric, zoology, 
German, English grammar, school law, pemnanship, physiology, and physics. 



40 



TEACflEES CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table sho-ivivg the prinripd/ j/ritmes of tcacheri 
MICHIGAN— Continued . 



Name of certificate. 



Certificate of teach- 
er of agriculture. 



Kindergarten 
teachers' certifi- 
cate. 

Certificate for 
teachers of music 
or drawing. 



First-grade county 
certificate. 



Second-grade coun- 
ty certificate. 



Third-grade county 
certificate: 
Class A 



Class B 

County normal 
training class di- 
ploma. 

County special cer- 
tificate. 



Issued by- 



State board of ag- 
riculture. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



-do. 



County board of 
exarhlners. 



.do. 



.do. 



do do. 

County normal do . 

board. 



County commis- 
sioner. 



State 



-do. 



.do. 



County 
(State, if 
e o unter- 
signed by 
state su- 
p e r In- 
tendent). 

County b. .. 



-do. 



Spec ifled 
district. 



Schools. 



In rural schools . . 



Kindergarten 
and first grade. 



Subject named. 



Duration. 



Renewal. 



3 years Nonrenewable. 



.do. 



.do. 



Primary depart- 
ment! 



Any 

Any school hav- 
ing not over 2 
teachers. 



4 years. 



3 years. 



1 year. 



.do. 
-do. 



Until next 
public ex- 
a m 1 n a - 
tion. 



Without ex- 
amination, 
if average is 
above 85 per 
cent in 2 ex- 
aminations, 
and continu- 
ous teaching. 

do 



.do. 



(«) 

Option of 
county nor- 
mal board 
for 3 years. 

Nonrenewable. 



b Examination papers may be sent to another county on request of applicant; new certificates may be 
issued thereon; valid in theother county for life of original certificate. 

c Without examination, if average is above 85 per cent in 2 examinations, and continuous teaching; not 
more than 3 to same person. 



STATE LAWS AND KEGULATTONS. 



41 



certificates in the various States — ('outinucd. 

MICHIGAN— Continued . 



I'^.xperienco 
required. 


■ 

Questions 
prepared by- 


I'apers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirement'^. 


None 

do 

do 


No examination n 

do 

do 


quired 

County board of 
school examin- 
ers. 

do 


Graduation from 4-year course in agriculture 
in the Michigan Agricultural College, 
with a course of at least a half year in 
pedagogics. 

Graduation from approved kindergarten 
training school and possession of a teach- 
er's certificate, or diploma from a college 
or a high school with a 4-year course. 

Completion of at least 2 years' course in 
music in state university, a state normal 
school, or an incorporated college; or 
completion of at least 1-year course in 
drawing in same or equal mstitution. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
writing, granmiar, geography, arithme- 
tic, theory and art of teaching. United 
States history, civil government, physi- 
ology and hygiene, physics, general his- 
tory", botany, and algebra. 

Examination in subjects required for third- 
grade certificate, and in addition two of 
the following: General history, botany, 
physics, and algebra. 

Examination in writing, orthography. 


1 year 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


3 years in primary 
department of 
graded schools. 

None 


do 


.. .do 


do 


.do. . . 


reading, grammar, arithmetic^ geogra- 
phy, United States history, ci\al govern- 
ment, theory and art of teaching, physi- 
ology and hygiene, with special reference 
to the effect upon the human system of 
alcoholic drinks, stmiulants, narcotics, 
and the causes and prevention of dan- 
gerous communicable diseases. 

Same as for third grade, Class A. 

Graduation from county normal training 
class (1-year course). 

Personal examination by county commis- 
sioner in third-grade branches. 


do 


No examination re 

County commis- 
sioner. 




do 


County commis- 
sioner. 





42 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table shnvnnr/ the principal features of teachers^ 
MINNESOTA. 

(State laws of Minn., 1907, pp. 113-119. Laws of Minn., 1909, chap. 455. Circular of information, relating 
to examinations, etc., department of public instruction, 1908.] 



Name of certificate. 



First-grade profes- 
sional certifi- 
cate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation. 



Second-grade pro- 
fessional certifi- 
cate. 



Professional permit. 



First-grade certifi- 
cate: 
Upon diploma . . . 



Upon normal ele- 
mentary diplo- 
ma. 



Issued by- 



State superintend- 
ent. 



VaUdin- 



Territory. 



President of uni- 
versity and state 
superintendent. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do 



President of school j do. 

and state super- 
intendent. 

State normal board; do. 



Upon examina- State and county do. 

tion. superintendent. 



Schools. 



Any. 



.do. 



Elementary grades 



Same as c o r r e - 
spending profes- 
sional certificate. 



Elementary grades 



-do. 



.do. 



Second-grade 
tificate. ft 



Limited second- 
grade certificate. 



Third-grade certifi- 
cate. 
Special certificates. . 



.do. 



County; in 
other 
counti e s 
when in- 
dorsed. 

do 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- I District 
tendent. [ specified. 

State superintend- ! State 

ent. 



do 

Branches named. 



Duration. 



Limited 
number 
of years at 
first. For 
life after 10 
years' suc- 
c e s s f u 1 
teaching. 



Renewal. 



See duration . 



Life or 2 
years. 



Same as first- 
grade pro- 
fessional. 



One vear. 



See duration . . 



Nonrenewable 



Two years. 



3 years . 



For life on 2 
years' suc- 
cessful teach- 
ing. 

3 years; com- 
pletion of ad- 
ditional year 
in state nor- 
'• mal school. 
5 years Conditions pre- 
scribed b y 
state super- 
intendent. 



2 years do 



1 year 5 months' ex- 
perience; all 
grades above 
70 per cent. 

do ... Upon exami- 

} nation. c 
Term of Limited (2 
y ears or years).d 
life. 



o Laws, p 111, sec. 272. The written answers for the scholastic examination shall be read and 
marke 1 uaier ths directioa of the state superinteadent. Markings for the professional requirements shall 
be ?ivei by the courity superinteadent, who shall also be the judge of skill in teaching and moral character 
of applicants. (1351.) 

Superinteodents of public instruction may limit first and second grade teachers' certificates to one year 
in certain instances.— (Douglas, Aug. 24, 1899.) 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



43 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

MINNESOTA. 

[State laws of Minn., 1907, pp. 113-119. Laws of Minn., 1909, chap. 455. Circular of information, relating 
to examinations, etc.; department of public instruction, 1908.] 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by — 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


Permanent teach- 


State superintend- 


State superintend- 


Examination in the branches required for a 


ers of successful 


ent. 


ent. 


first-grade certificate; also all the branches 


experience, in- 






included in subdivision 1 (following); 


eluding 9 months 






two in subdivision 3; two in subdivision 


in Minnesota. 






4; and 3 in each of the other subdivisions, 
namely (1) educational science, including 
history of education, psychology, general 














pedagogy, and school organization; (2) 








mathematics, including higher algebra, 








soUd geometry, trigonometry, plane and 








spherical; (3) English, including English 








and American literature and rhetoric; 








(4) history, ancient, medieval, English, 








and American; (5) science, including 








botany, chemistry, geology, and physio- 








graphy, astronomy, zoology, and politi- 








cal 6.cienc6. 


2 years for life cer- 


No examination re 


quired 


Graduates of the University of Minnesota 
from its college of education or from col- 


tificate; none for 






2-year certifi- 






lege of science, literature, and art, or from 


cate. 






college of agriculture, who have taken 
specified courses in college of education. 


Same as first-grade 


State superintend- 


State superintend- 


Examination in all branches included in 


professional. 


ent. 


ent. 


examination for first-grade certificate and 
in subdivision 1 (above), and in 6 
branches included in the other subdivi- 


do 


do 


do 


sions. 
Teachers lacking not more than 3 of the 
branches required for a professional cer- 
tificate. 








None 


No examination re 


[juired 


Graduates of the 'state normal school or of 
the teachers' course in the department 














of agriculture in the state university. 


do 


do 




Completion of course in a Minnesota state 
normal school prescribed for elementary 














diploma. 


8 months 


State superintend- 
ent. 


State superintend- 
ents.o 


Examination in reading, spelling, arithme- 
tic, grammar. United States history, 










composition, geography, physiology, civil 
government, and practical "hygiene, also 














algebra, geometry physical geography, 








and -physics. Other branches may be 








substituted by state superintendent for 








the last three. Music, drawing, and lan- 








guages are optionals. 


5 months 


do 


do. 


Examination in reading, spelling, writing, 
arithmetic, grammar, United States his- 














tory, composition, geography, physiology. 








civil government, and practical hygiene. 


None 


do 


do 


Do. 


do 


County superin- 
tendent. 


County superin- 
tendent. 


Do. 






2 years for life cer- 


State superintend- 


State superintend- 


Examination in branches to be taught. 


tificate. 


ent. 


ent. 


with those required for a second-grade 
certificate. 



t> Certificates showing completion of 2 years' prescribed work in state normal schools may be indorsed by 
state superintendent, giving them the effect of second-grade certificates. 
c Not more than 2 certificates to same person in same county. 
d Certificate may be renewed after 2 years' successful experience. 



44 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A, — Table shotving the principal feul ares of teachers^ 
MISSISSIPPI. 

[School laws of Miss., 190(5, pp. 20-26.] 



Name of certificate. 



Professional license. 



State license. 



First-grade license. 



Second-grade 
license. 



Tliird-grade license. 



Issued by- 



State board of edu- 
cation. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



County board of 
examiners. 



.do. 



Transfer license 



.do. 



State board of e.x- 
aminers. 



Valid iq- 



Territory. 



State. 



.do. 



County. 



.do. 



.do. 



County 
designat- 
ed by ap- 
plicant. 



Schools. 



Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Duration. 



Life. 



Renewal. 



1, 2, or 3 May be re- 
years, ac- n e w e d by 
cording to reexamina- 
standing. tion. Hold- 

er of second 
3 years' li- 
cense ex- 
empt from 
' further ex- 
amination. 
I, 2, or 3 I Second 3 years' 
years. See license 



last col- 
umn. 



1 year. 



.do. 



U n expired 
time of 
original. 



newable so 
long as hold- 
er continues 
to teach. 



Nonrenewable. 



Same as for 
original li- 
cense. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS, 



45 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

MISSISSIPPI. 
[School laws of Miss., 1906, pp. 20-26.] 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


Varies 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 


To teachers of recognized ability, moral 


.. ..do 


character, and scholarly attainments 
who shall pass a satisfactory written ex- 
amination in algebra, geometry, rheto- 
ric, English literature, botany, chemis- 
try, science of teaching, civil govern- 
ment, Caesar and Virgil. 
Subjects required for first-grade certificate. 

Examination in subjects required for sec 
ond-grade certificate, except no examina- 
tions are "elementary," and also in his- 
tory of Mississippi, agriculture, and civil 
government, with minimiun average of 
75 per cent and grade of 50 per cent for 1- 
year certificate; minimum average of 85 
per cent for 2-year certificate; and 90 per 
cent for 3-year certificate. 

Examination in spelling, reading, mental 
arithmetic, practical arithmetic, elemen- 
tary geography, elementary English, 
grammar and composition", primary 
United States history, primary physiol- 
ogy and hygiene, with special reference 
to the effects of narcotics and stimulants, 
with a minimum average of 75 per cent 
and grade of .50 per cent. 

Same as for second grade, except minimum 
average of 60 per cent and grade of 40 per 
cent. 

Holder of any license may direct a county 
superintendent to forward his papers and 
license to state board of examiners. If 
grading of county board is sustained the 
transfer license is issued. 


None for 1 year; 
months for 2 and 
3 year certificate. 

None 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


County board of 
examiners. 

do 


« 
do 


do 


do 


do 


See scholarship re- 
quirements. 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 





46 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
MISSOURI. 

(Rev. School Laws of Mo., 1909, sees. 10920, 10940-10942, 10948, 11073. Circular of Dept. of Ed., "Require- 
ments for state certificates, 1910."] 



Name of certificate. 



Life certificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Upon diploma , 



Missouri normal di- 
ploma. 
Limited state cer- 
tificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Upon diploma. 



Missouri normal 

certificate. 
First-grade county 

certificate. 



Second-grade coun- 
ty certificate. 



Third-grade coun- 
ty certificate. 



Special county cer- 
tificate. 



Issued by- 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



State superintend- State. 
ent. 



-do. 



Board of regents. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



-do. 



-do. 



-do. 



.do. 



Board of regents. . . I do. . 

County superiu- 1 County, 
tendent. 1 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



-do. 



.do. 



Schools. 



All public schools 
of State. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Duration. 



Life. 



.do. 



.do. 



5 years. 



.do. 



2 years . 

3 years . 



2 years . 
1 year. . 



Until next 
regular ex- 
amination. 



Renewal. 



Yes. 



.do. 



No. 



Unlimited 
number of 
times, pro- 
vided holder 
has taught 4 
months in 2 
years pre- 
vious, or has 
made a sat- 
isfactory 
record in an 
approved 
summer 
school. 

Twice only 



Once only. 



Nonrenew- 
able. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



47 



certificates in the various States — Coutinued. 

MISSOURI. 

[Rev. School Laws of Mo., 1909, sees. 10920, 10940-10942, 10948, 10973. Circular of Dept. of Etl., " Require- 
ments for state certificates, 1910."] 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


40 months 


State superintend- 


State superintend- 


The same as o-year limited cert ificat e, and in 




ent. 


ent. 


addition history of education, psychol- 
ogy, and a thorough examination along 
some special line of educational or peda- 
gogical work, as mathematics, English 
history, foreign languages, or science. 


do 


do 


do 


Graduation from an institution holding 
membership in the "Missouri College 














Union" or an institution of equal rank, 








and examination in history of education, 








and two of tlie following: Primary teach- 








ing and kindergarten, grade and rural 








teaching, supervision. Missouri school 








system. 


10 months in train- 


No examination re 


luired 


Completion of advanced course, which ad- 


ing school. 






mits to junior year in the university. 


12 months 


State superintend- 


State superintend- 


One branch of each of following divisions: 




ent. 


ent. 


(1) ancient history, medieval and modern 
history. English history and government, 
American history and government, gen- 
eral economic history: (2) rhetoric, his- 
tory of English language, history of 
American and English literature, Latin 
(Caesar and Cicero), German (2 years): 
(.3) biology, botany, zoology, physical 
geography, geology: (4) physics, chem- 
istry, higher algebra, plane and solid 
geometry, manual training: (5) primary 
teaching" and kindergarten, grade and 
rural teaching, supervision, Missouri 
school system. 


do 


do 


do 


Graduation from an institution holding 
membership in the "Missouri College 












, Union" or an institution of equal rank 








and examination in pedagogy, psychol- 








ogy, and four common-school branches 








to be selected by examiner. 


5 months in train- 


No examination re 


[quired 


Course of study, elementary pedagogy, aca- 
demic, equal to 2 years in liigh school. 


ing school. 






1 vear 


State superintend- 
ent. 


County superin- 
tendent. 


Examination in same l)ranches as for sec- 




ond-grade county certificate, with addi- 








tion of one division of history, either 








ancient, modern, or English, and one 








branch of science, either ))hysical geog- 








raphy, elementary physics or'elementary 








biology relating to agriculture. Mini- 








mum average of 90 per cent. 


None 


do 


do 


Examination in same branches as third- 






grade county certificate, with addition of 








algebra and literature. Minimum aver- 








age of So per cent. 


do 


do 


.....do 


Examination in spelling, reading in Eng- 
lish, penmanship, language lessons. 


• 












geography, arithmetic, English grammar. 








LTnited States history, civil government 








(including state government), physiol- 








ogy and hygiene, pedagogy, elementary 








agriculture. Minimum average of 80 per 








cent with no branch below 60 per cent. 


do 


County superin- 


do 


Same as for third-grade county certificate. 




tendent. 





48 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal fed.' iiresi nf leaeher't' 
MONTANA. 
[School laws of Mont, 1909, pp. 21, 132-138.] 







Valid in— 




1 

1 


Name of certificate. 


Issued by- 






Duration. 


Renewal. 










Territory. 


Schools. 




i 


Life diploma 


State board of ed- 


State 


Any 


Life 




ucation. 










State certificate .... 


do 


do 


do 


years 

.3 years 


Renewable 

Life diploma 
granted 


Normal school di- 


do 


do 


do 


ploma. 
















■ 




graduate of 












4 - y e a r , 












course after 












1 year's ex- 










~ 


perience; 












graduate of 












3 - y e a r 












course after 












2 year's ex- 












perience. 


Professional certifi- 


County board of 
examiners. 


County ; 
valid in 


do 


Not less 


10 months un- 1 


cate. 




than 4 


der certifi- 






any other 




years. 


cate, as long 






c o"u n ty 






as holder 






upon in- 






c n t i nues 






dorse- 






teaching 






ment. 






and gives 
county su- 
p e r intend- | 
ent satisfac- 
1 r y evi- 
dence of 
progress and 
efficiency. 


First-grade certifi- 
cate. 


do 


do 


Any, except in 
high schools and 


Not less 


do 






than 3 










as principal of 


years. 










school of more 












than two de- 












partments un- 




1 








less holder is 












a graduate of a 




1 








reputable col- 




1 








lege, university, 




1 








or normal 




1 








school. 




! 


Second-grade certi- 
cate. 


do 


County 


do 


2 years 


Renewable. ... 










Third-grade certifi- 


do 


do 


do 


1 year 


Not more than 


cate. 










twice to 
same person. 


Special certificate 
( 1) e n m a n s hip, 


do 


District 


Special branches 
named. 


3 years 


Rene \v able. 
No definite 




<lra\ving, mod- 










conditions 


ern language and 










specified. , 


mu.'^ic, elocution, 












physical train- 










• 


ing, commercial 










branches, man- 












ual training, do- 












mes tic science, 












Ic i n d e r g a rten. 


' 










first primary). 












Temporary certifi- 


do 


County 


Same as first grade. 


Until next 


Not more 


cate. 








e X am {na- 
tion. 


than once to i 
s a m e per- 
son except 
in emer- 
gency. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



49 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

MONTANA. 

[School laws of Mont., 1909, pp. 21, 132-138.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by— 



Scholarsliip requirements. 



See scholarship re- 
quirements. 

18 months since 
graduation. 

None 



No examination required 

do 

do 



12 months. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



-do. 



-do. 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



County board of 
examiners. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



No examination required 



.do. 



.do. 



Holder of state certificate or Montana nor- 
mal school diploma. Five years' expe- 
rience in State required of former, 1 or 2 
years of latter. 

Graduation from a reputable college, uni- 
versity, or normal school in advanced 
course, and a resident teacher of Montana. 

Graduation from either 3 or 4 year course 
of Montana State Normal School. 



Examination in subjects required for first- 
grade certificate and, in addition, in phys- 
ics and plane geometry. 



Examiuation in subjects required for first- 
grade certificate and. in addition, in Ameri- 
can literature and elementary algebra. 



Examination in subjects required for third- 
grade certificate and, in addition, in 
civics of United States and Montana, and 
physical geography. 

Examination in penmanship, orthography, 
reading, writmg, arithiaetic, mental 
arithmetic, geography, grammar, phy- 
sical geography. United States history, 
and theory and practice of teaching. 
Minimum standing for each county cer- 
tificate is fixed by State superintendent. 

Issued upon the request of a maiority of 
any local board. 



Applicant must give satisfactory reasons 
for not attending previous regular exam- 
ination. 



63200—10 4 



50 



TEACHERS CEETIFICATES. 



A. — Table shou'ing the principal featwes of teachers' 
NEBRASKA. 
JSchool Laws, 1909, pp. 70-81, 91, 102. Laws of Nebr., 1897, chap. 65; 1905, chap. 13.5; 1907, chap. 123.] 







VaUdin— 






Uame of certificate. 


Issued by- 






Duration. 


Renewal. 










Territory. 


Schools. 






Professional state 
certificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 


State superin- 
tendent. 


State 


Any 


Life 












do 


do 


do 


do 




Do 


do 


do 


do 


do 




Upon life certifi- 
cate from other 

States. 


do 


.do 


. ..do 


do 




Board of educa^ 
tion of state nor- 
mal schools. 


do 


do 


do 




Normal life 
diploma. 










College or univer- 
sity permanent 
certificate. 


State superin- 
tendent. 


do 


do 


do 














Board of educa- 
tion of state nor- 
mal schools. 

Board of trustees 
of instit u t i n 
and state super- 
intendent. 


-do ... 


do 


3 years 




diploma. 

College, university, 
or normal school 
first-grade state 
certificate. 


do 


....do 


do 


Extended by 
state super- 
intendent. 








College or univer- 
sity first-grade 
.state certificate. 


Board of trustees 
of institution. 


do 


.do 


....do 


do 










Elementary state 
certificate. 


Board of educa- 
tion of the state 
norma! schools. 


do 


Common school 
distrie t s and 
grades of high 
school and city 
districts. 


1 to 3 years 
(discre- 
tion of 
county su- 
perintend- 
ent) 


(») 


^College or univer- 
sity second-grade 
state certificate. 


Board of trustees 
of instit u t i n 
and state super- 
intendent. 


.do 


....do 


do 


W 








First-grade county 
certificate. 


County superin- 
tendent. 


County 


Common sch o o 1 
distrie t s and 
grades of high 
school and city 
districts; any, if 
a graduate of a 
standard col- 
lege or univer- 
sity. 


2 to 3 years . . 


(») 



o Reissued upon 1 years' additional attendance at approved normal schools. 

* If average above 85 per cent and no grade below 70 per cent may be reissued without examination upon 
xeconunendation of county superintendent. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



51 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

NEBRASKA. 
[School Laws, 1909, pp. 70-81, 91, 102. Laws of Nebr., 1897, chap. 65; 1905, chap. 135; 1907, chap. 123.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship requirements. 



1 year in State.. 



State s u p e r i n ■ 
tendent. 



State superin- 
tendent. 



3 years in State. 



2 years . 



Discretionary with 
state superin- 
tendent. 

2 years after grad- 
uation or 3 years 
before (or partly 
before and 
partly after). 

3 years'. 



None.. 
do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



lyear or 12 weeks 
normal training. 



State superin- 
tendent. 



State superin- 
tendent. 



Possession of Nebraska first-grade county 
certificate, and examination in chemis- 
try, EngUsh literature, general history, 
geology, physical geography, plane trigo- 
nometry, psychology, rhetoric, and zool- 
ogy. 

Diploma from approved college or univer- 
sity, and possession of Nebraska first- 
grade county certificate. 

Diploma frorri advanced course of a state 
normal school of another State conferring 
the right to teach for life in said State. 

Discretion of state superintendent to the 
holder of a state professional certificate 
from another State. 

Completion of tlie higher course of study 
in a state normal school. 



Graduate of University of Nebraska or 
institution in Nebraska approved by the 
state superintendent on the basis of the 
University of Nebraska holding degree 
of A. B or B. S. and certificate showing 
completion of course of instruction for 
special training of teachers; or the com- 
pletion of a course of study equal in 
extent and similar in subjects to the 
advanced course of the Nebraska state 
normal schools, in a Nebraska institution 
approved by the state superintendent on 
the basis of the state normal schools. 

Completion of higher course of state nor- 
mal school. 

Completion of course of study equal in 
extent and similar in subjects to higher 
course of state normal schools, in a 
Nebraska institution approved by the 
state superintendent on basis of state 
normal schools. 

Graduate of University of Nebraska or in- 
stitution in Nebraska approved by the 
state superintendent on the basis of the 
University of Nebraska witli the degree 
of A. B. or B. S. and completion of course 
for special training of teachers. 

Completion of elementary course in state 
normal school of Nebraska. 



Completion of course of study equal in 
extent and similar in subjects to ele- 
mentary course of state normal schools 
in a Nebraska institution approved by 
the state superintendent on the basis of 
the state normal schools. 

Same as second-grade county certificate 
with examination in algebra, botany, 
geometrv, and physics; or graduation 
from standard college, university, or 
state normal school. 



52 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
NEBRASKA— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 



Becond-grade 
county certifi- 
cate. 



Third-grade county 
certificate. 



Conditional limited 
certificate (sec- 
ond or third grade 
county). 

Emergency certifi- 
cate. 



Issued by — 



County superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 



Sta te su perin- 
tendent. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



Valid in— 



Territory. 



Coxmty. 



Spec ilied 
district 
in speci- 
fied coun- 
ty. 

County 



Schools. 



Common school 
districts, and 
grades or high 
school and city 
districts. 

Common school 
districts. 



.do. 



.do. 



Duration. 



1 to 2 years . 



Not over 1 
year. 



Term of 
school. 



Until re- 
sults of 
next regu- 
lar exam- 
ina tion 
are learned, 



Renewal. 



C) 



Not reissued. 



.do. 



-do. 



NEVADA. 

[School Law, 1909, pp. 14-21. Laws of Nev., 1937, chap. 182, p. 378.) 



.do. 



Life diploma (high- 
school grade, 
grammar-sch o o 1 
grade, primary- 
school grade). 



High-school certifi- 
cate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation. 
Grammar-school 
certificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



W ithout exami- do . 

nation. [ 

Primary-school cer- do. 

tiflcate. 



State board of 
education. 



.do. 



.do. 



State. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



-do. 
.do. 



Any. 



Life. 



-do. 



.do. 



Grammar, pri- 
mary, and un- 
classified. 



.do. 



Any school in 
which only pri- 
mary subjects 
are taught. 



4 years . 



5 years . . . 

3 years I do 



At discretion 
of state 
board. 



do. 



5 years. 
2 years . 



.do. 



Nonrenew- 
able. 



a If average above 85 per cent and no grade below 70 per cent may be reissued without examination 
upon recommendation of county superintendent. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



53 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

NEBRASKA— Continued . 



: Experience 
: required. 


Questions 
prepared by — 


Papers exam- 
ined by^ 


Scholarship requirements. 


' 1 year (or 8 weeks 
1 normal training). 

i 

iNone 

I 

! Same as second or 
; third grade. 

None 


State superin- 
tendent. 

do 

do 

do ... 


State superin- 
tendent. 

do 


Same as third-grade county certificate, 
with examination in civil government, 
bookkeeping, drawing, theory, and art of 
teaching, and elementary agriculture. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
penmanship, geography, arithmetic, 
mental arithmetic, physiology and hy- 
giene, English composition, English 
grammar, and United States history. 

Grades in all subjects required for the sec- 
ond or third grade county certificate, 
with some grades below required stand- 
ard. 

Evidence of abiUty to secure passing grades 
in all subjects required for certificate 
.sought. 


do 

do 









NEVADA. 

[School Law, 1909, pp. 14-21. Laws of Nev., 1907, chap. 182, p. 378.] 



(1) 72 months in 
State, or (2) 72 
months, 24 in 
State. See last 
column. (3) 45 
months for 
graduates of 
state normal 
school. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
-do. 



State board 
education. 



State board 
education. 



State board 
education. 



Board of educor 
tional examin- 
ers. 



Board of educa- 
tional examin- 
ers. 



Board of educa- 
tional examin- 
ers. 



(1) Evidence of having taught successfully 
and continuously in public schools of 
State for 72 months, or (2) holder of high- 
school certificate wi^h 72montho' success- 
ful experience, 24 of which have been in 
Nevada, whose application is accom- 
panied by a certified copy of a resolution 
adopted by the board of school trustees 
in which "the applicant has taught at 
least one year; (3) graduate of state nor- 
mal school and holder of high-school or 
grammar-school certificate 45 months; 
life diploma of same grade as certificate. 



Examination in subjefcts required for 
grammar-school certificate, and, in addi- 
tion, botany, Latin, general history, 
English literature, plane geometry, as- 
tronomy, rhetoric, civil government, 
and the history and methods of teaching. 

Graduation frorh state normal school, ad- 
vanced course. 



Examination in subjects required for pri- 
mary-school certificate, and, in addition, 
algebra, first and second books of plane 
geometry, English history, bookkeeping, 
physical" geography, physics, chemistry, 
and methods of teaching. 

Graduation from elementary course in 
state normal school. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
grammar, written arithmetic, mental 
arithmetic, penmanship, physiolo^'^y, 
United States history, civil government, 
geography, current news, drawing, the- 
ory and practice of teaching, and, at dis- 
cretion of state board of education, music 
and the elements of chemistry and 
physics. 



54 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 

A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
NEVADA— Continued. 



^ 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by- 


VaHdin— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Rural grammar- 
school certificate. 

Si)ecial certificate . . 

Temporary certifi- 
cate. 


State board of 
education. 

. .do 


State 

do 


Rural schools em- 
ploying not 
more than 1 
teacher. 

Subjects named... 

Any 


3 years 

2 years 

UntU next 
e X amina- 
tion. 


None renew- 
able. 

2 years if 
holder con- 
tinues teach- 
ing. 

Nonrenew- 
able. 


do 


School dis- 
trict. 







NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

[Laws of N. H., relating to public schools, pp. 34, 41-42. Abstract of regulations governing state exami- 
nation and certification (no date).] 



Supervisory certifi- 
cate. 


State superintend- 
ent. 


State 


Any 


Life 










High school cer- 
tificate: 
Permanent 


.. .do 


.. .do 


High schools 


do 






do 


do 


do 


1 year 


Upon comple- 
tion of ex- 
aminations. 










Elementary cer- 
tificate": 
Permanent — 
Upon exam- 
mation. 


.do 


.. .do 




do 

















do 


do 


do 


do 




amination. 


do 


Has never 
been de- 
termined . 


do 


1 year 


Has never 
been deter- 
mined. 









o An average of not lower than 90 per cent and no subject below 80 per cent entitles applicant to a cer- 
tificate "with credit." An average of not lower than 95 per cent and no subject below 90 per cent entitles 
applicant to a certificate "with honor." 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



55 



certificates in the various fStates — Continued. 

NEVADA— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by — 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


None 








do 


State board of 
education. 


Board of educa- 
tional examin- 
ers. 


(county). 

Board shall determine fitness of applicant 
to teach special subject by whatever 
method it considers most appropriate. 
May be granted to teach music, drawing, 
manual training, penmanship, kinder- 
garten work, or any foreign language. 

Board of school trustees must request. 
Certificate will not be granted if any 
member of board is a near relative of 
applicant. 


do 









NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

[Laws of N. H., relating to public schools, pp. 34, 41-42. Abstract of regulations governing state exami- 
nation and certification (no date).] 



2 years. 



None. 



.do J 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 



.do 



.do. 



No additional examination required. . , 



(1) Graduation from approved high school 
or academy in New Hampshire and 
examination in Group I (same stand- 
ings as under (2)) or (2) examination in 
Groups I and II, with minimum average 
of 75 per cent and grade of 55 per cent. 

Group /.—Psychology, pedagogy, school 
management, school law. 

Group //.—English literature, grammar, 
composition, spelling. United States 
history, civil government, oral and 
written arithmetic, physiology and hy- 
giene, and geography." 

Graduation from a state normal school of 
New Hampshire (full course) 

Same as for permanent except minimum 
average of 70 per cent and minimum 
grade of 50 per cent and the further 
provision that certificates of standing in 
professional subjects in teacher's course 
in a state normal school are accepted in 
Ueu of examination in Group I. 

6 6rowp/.— History of education, psychology, pedagogy, school law, school management, with special 
reference to the problems of the adolescent period. 

Group //.—English literature, including American authors; grammar; rhetoric; composition; either 
Latin, Greek, French, or German; either physics, chemistry, or biology; Algebra, through quadratics; plane 
geometry; United States history; either Grecian and Roman, mediaeval and modern, or English history; 
and civil government. 

Group ///.—Examination to test special proficiency in one of following departments of study: The 
English language and literature, the Greek and Latin languages and literatures, the French and German 
languages and literatures, history, chemistry and physics, biology, mathematics, and commerce. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



Examination in history of education, school 
management, psychology, pedagogy, 
school organiz.ation and supervision, 
school la^A' ; and graduation from approver 
college or equivalent." 



(1) Graduation from approved college, cer- 
tificate of college standing in advance 
cour.ses of subjects in Group III and 
examination in Group I, with minimum 
average of 75 per cent and grade of 55 per 
cent; (2) or satisfactory evidence of ade- 
quate education, and examination in 
Groups I, II, and III, with same mini- 
mum standings. 6 

Same as for permanent certificate except 
minimum average of 70 per cent and 
minimum grade of 50 per cent, and 
omission of Group III from subjects of 
examination. 



56 



TEACHEKS CEETIFICATES. 



A. — Table shotcing the principal features of teachers' 
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by— 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Local certificate 


Scliool board 


District 


Branches named.. 


1 year 


None 







NEW JERSEY." 

[N.J. School Laws, 1908 (includes rules and regulations of state board of education), pp. 2, 3,9-11,149-162. 



State certiflcates: 
First-grade 



Second-grade 

Upon exami- 
nation. 

Without exam- 
ination. 



Third-grade. 



Normal school life 
certiflcates: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation. 



Normal school cer- 
tificate. 



Special certificates 
(kinderg ar t en, 
ancient and mod- 
ern languages, 
drawing, manual 
training, physi- 
cal training, mu- 
sic, and commer- 
cial branches). 

Provisional certifi- 
cates. 

County certificates: 
First grade 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 
do 



...do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



State... 
do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Brancnesspecifled. 



Same as county provisional certiflcates (which see). 



County board of 1 County, 
examiners. I 



Principal or 
teacher of any 
school. 



Life 

10 years. 

2 years . . 



7 vears . 



Life. 



.do. 



10 years . 



Without reex- 
amination. 



Original certi- 
ficate or di- 
ploma in- 
dorsed if ex- 
perience sat- 
isfactory (see 
last column). 



Without reex- 
amination. 



5 years . 



5 years . 



See normal 
school life 
without ex- 
amination. 

Without reex- 
amination. 



Without reex- 
amination if 
average 76 
per cent. 



a The system of certification of teachers in New Jersey is now being revised. 

l> Satisfactory evidence of efficiency and success as superintendent, supervising principal or principal 
of school employing 5 teachers or equivalent. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



57 



ceHificates in the various States — Continued. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 




School board 


School board., 


Examination in studies prescribed by 
law — physiology and hygiene with spe- 
cial reference to effects of alcoholic stimu- 
lants and of narcotics, humane treat- 
ment of lower animals, United States 
and New Hampshire Constitutions — 
and by school board for particular 
school or grade in which teacher desires 
to teach. 





NEW JERSEY. 

[N. J. School Laws, 1908 (includes rules and regulations of state board of education], pp. 2,3,9-11,149-162 



5 years 6. 
2 years . . 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 
do 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 
do 



None (see scholar- 
s h i p require- 
ments). 



None State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



2 years . 



None, or 2 years 
(see scholarship 
requirements). 



None. 



.do. 



-do 



..do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



2 years. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



County board of 
examiners. 



Satisfactory examination in subjects re- 
quire d for second-grade state certificate. 

Examination in subjects required for third 
grade state certificate, and In chemistry, 
science of education, manual training 
physical training, or alternatives.c 

A diploma of a normal school whose course is 
equivalent to that of the New Jersey nor- 
mal schools, or a pennanent state certifi- 
cate of any other State whose require- 
ments are equivalent to a New Jersey 
state certificate may be indorsed, pro- 
vided the other State grants reciiirocal 
privileges. When original diploma or 
certificate is indorsed, it has same force 
and effect as if issued in New Jersey. 

Exammation in subjects required for first- 
grade county certificate, and in psy- 
chology, plane and solid geometry, litera- 
ture, botany, free-hand drawing, or 
alternatives.c 



Completion of former elementary normal 
school course and examination in physics, 
chemistry, literature, geometry, history 
of education, science of education, school 
laws of New Jersey, or alternatives. c 

Completion of post-graduate course in a New 
Jersey state normal school, or completion 
of 3-year course in a New Jersey state 
nonnal school, and 2 years' successful ex- 
perience after graduation. 

Completion of 3-year course in a New 
Jersey state norinal school. 



Same as for special county certificates ex- 
cept (1) following additional subjects re- 
quired, history of education and psy- 
chology; and (2) substitution of plane 
geometry for concrete or inventional 
geometry in examination for certificate 
in drawing, and addition of drawing for 
a certificate in manual training. County 
boards do not issue certificates in physical 
training. c 



Examination in subjects required for sec- 
ond grade, and in algebra, plane geome- 
try, physics, general history, history of 
education, and free-hand drawing or 
alternatives therefor. c 



c In any examination the diploma of a university or college authorized to confer degrees may be accepted 
in lieu of examination for those subjects which have been taken in a course approved by the state board 
of examiners. Correspondence courses may not be approved. 

A minimum grade of 70 per cent is required for all certificates issued in the State. 



58 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
NEW JERSEY— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 



County c e r t i f i - 
cates — Cont'd. 
Second grade 



Third grade. 



Professional certifi- 
cates, first, second, 
and third grades. 



Special certificates: 
Kinder garten 
and ancient or 
modern lan- 
guages. 



Manual training, 
drawing, and 
music. 

Commercial 
liranches. 



Provisional certifi- 
cate. 



City certificates 
(gradcsprescribed 
by city boards of 
examiners, in- 
cluding special 
and provisional). 



Permanent foreign 
evening school 
certificate. 



Temporary foreign 
evening school 
certificate. 

Provisional foreign 
evening school 
certificate. 



Prison school cer- 
tificates. 



Issued by — 



County board of 
examiners. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



do. 

do. 

do. 



City board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of 
examiners. 



-do. 



.do. 



Prison board 
education. 



Valid in— 



Territory. 



County. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 



City. 



State. 



.do. 



Schools. 



School 
named. 



State. 



I'rincipal, with 1 
or 2 assistants; 
teacher of pri- 
mary or gram- 
mar grades. 

Teacher in un- 
graded school or 
primary depart- 
ment. 

Same as above for 
each grade. 



Subjects specified 



.do. 
.do. 



Grade specified. 



As prescribed by 
city boards of 
examiners; can 
not be less than 
requirements for 
c o r r esponding 
grades of county 
certificates. 

Evening 



-do. 



School named. 



Duration. 



3 years . 



2 vears . 



Same as 
above for 
each grade. 



3 vears . 



.do. 
.do. 



Renewal. 



(«) 



(<=) 



Without reex- 
amination. 



.do. 



First day of 
month 
sue ceed- 
ing next 
e xamina- 
tion. 



Life. 



2 years. 



Fu-st of 
month fol- 
lowing 
next ex- 
amination. 

Discretion of 
state board 
of educa- 
tion. 



.do. 
.do. 



Can not be re- 
n e w e d or 
extended. 



May not be 
renewed or 
extended. 

do 



o If average T."! per cent and pass examination in theory and practice and history of education, or in 
additional subjects required for first grade certificate. 

6 In any examination the dinloma of a university or college authorized to confer degrees may be ac- 
cepted in lieu of examination for ihose subjects which have been taken in a course approved by the 
state board of examiners. Correspondence courses may not be approved. 

A muiiumum grade of 70 per cent is required for all certificates issued in the State. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS, 



59 



certificates in the various States — Continued . 

NEW JERSEY— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by— 


Scholarship requirements. 




State superintend- 
ent. 


Coimty board of 
examiners. 


Examination in subjects required for a 




third grade certificate, and in composi- 
tion, physiology, elementary algebra, 
school law of New Jersey, and bookkeep- 




do 


do 


Exaraination in orthography, reading, 
penmanship, geography, arithmetic, 
grammar, composition, United States 
history, civics, temperance physiology, 
theory and practice of teaching. 6 

Holder of first, second, or third grade 


See scholarship re- 
quirements. 


No examination re 


quired 




county certificate with minimum aver- 
age of S5 per cent and grade of 75 per cent. 
Must, in judgment of county superintend- 
ent after careful personal supervision and 
inspection, be a teacher of exceptional 
skill in organization, management, and 
advancement of a school. State super- 
intendent must approve granting of cer- 
tificate, which, when issued, will be ac- 
cepted in lieu of an examination in any of 
the subjects covered. 


None 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


County board of 
examiners. 

do 


Diploma from a high school or any teach- 


do 


er's certificate, which is valid in New 
Jersey or which has been in force 
within one year, and examination in 
theory and practice of teaching, school 
law of New Jersey, subject to be taught, 
and, for kindergarten certificate, drawing. 
Examination in school law, subjects to be 


.do 


do 


do 


taught, and, for drawing certificate, con- 
crete or inventional geometry. 
Examination in school law, bookkeeping, 
commercial arithmetic, stenography, the- 
ory and practice of teaching, and business 
practice. 


Depends upon 
grade taught. 


County board of 
examiners. 


.. do 








City board of ex- 
aminers. 


City board of ex- 
aminers. 


Requirements may not be less than those 
for county ceriificales. Certificate of 
graduation from a city normal or training 
school may be accented as a certificate to 
teach if the course of study is approved by 
the state board of examiners. 




1 year in evening 
schools. 

None 


State board of 
examiners. 

.do. 


State board *of 
examiners. 

do 


Examination in subjects required for a 
temporary certificate and in naturaliza- 
tion laws of United States, immigration 
laws of United States, election laws of 
New Jersey, general criminal laws of 
New Jersey, form of government of New 
Jersey, and form of government of mu- 
nicipalities. 

Examination in English language, United 
States history. Constitutions of United 
States and of New Jersey, and civil 
government. 

At discretion of state board of examiners. 


do 






do 


State board of 
examiners. 


State board of 
examiners. 


Examination in penmanship, orthography, 
English, and reading. 





c Two times if average 75 per cent and pass examination in theory and practice and school law, or in 
additional subjects required for second grade coimty certificate. 



60 



TEACHERS CEETIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers^ 
NEW MEXICO. 

tActs of 1907, chap. 97, p. 224, and Regulations of Territorial Board of Education in Report of Supt. of 
Public Instruction for biennium ending June 10, 1908, pp. 21-29.] 



Name of certificate. 



Professional: 
Lifeeertifleate... 



6-year certificate. 



Valid in- 



Issued by— 



3-year certificate. 



Temporary permits 



First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Second - grade cer- 
tificate. 



Third-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Temporary permits. 



City certificates. c 



Territorial board 
of education. 



.do. 



Territory. 



Territory. . . 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 

Territorial board 
of education. 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 



.do. 



do... 

Territory. 



.do. 



.do. 



County. 



Schools. 



Any. 



Duration. Renewal. 



Life. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



5 years . 



3 years . 



Any. 



-do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Until next 
e X amina- 
tion. 

3 years 



2 years . 



1 year. 



Until next 
e.xami na- 
tion. 



3 years if 
holder did 
not pre- 
viously 
hold a pro- 
fessional 3- 
year certifi- 
cate (which 
see). 

Granted 5-year 
c e r t i ficate 
upon com- 
pletion of 3 
years' expe- 
rience. 



Nonrenewable. 



County super- 
i n t e ndent 
may renew 
once with- 
out exami- 
nation if ap- 
proved by 
Territorial 
s u perin- 
tendent. 



Nonrenewable. 



.do. 



Not twice in 
s u c c ession 
to same per- 
son. 



a Honorary life certificates are granted in recognition of scholarship and long and efficient service in New 
Mexico public schools, and to persons unable to furnish transcripts of college records. 

c City certificates may be issued by city board of education. " Each city is a law unto itself in the matter 
of certificating its teachers, but certificates issued by a city board are legal only in the city where issued." 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



61 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

NEW MEXICO. 

[Acts of 1907, chap. 97, p. 224, and Regulations of Territorial Board of Education in Report of Supt. of 
Public Instruction for biennium ending June 10, 1908, pp. 21-29.] 



Experience 
required. 



5 years. 



None if sufficient 
credits are pre- 
sented in obser- 
vation and prac- 
tice. (See schol- 
arship require- 
ments.) 



.do. 



None. 

None. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



State superintend- 
ent when exam- 
ination is re- 
quired. 



.do. 



.do. 



Territorial super- 
intendent, when 
examination is 
necessary. 



.do. 



.do. 



Papers exam- 
ined by- 



State superintend- 
ent when exam- 
ination is re- 
quired (see last 
column. No. 2). 



.do. 



.do. 



Territorial super- 
intendent, when 
examination is 
necessary. (See 
scholarship re- 
quirements.) 



.do. 



.do. 



Scholarship requirements. 



(1) Life certificate of another State accept- 
able to territorial board of education, or 

(2) examination in subjects constituting 
four credits in group II additional to 
those required for 5-year certificate 
and all in group I (see below, 5-year cer- 
tificate), or (3) satisfactory credits in 
these subjects.!! 

(1) Certificate of another State acceptable to 
territorial board of education, or (2) ex- 
amination in subjects constitutiQg four 
credits in group II and all in group 1,6 or 

(3) satisfactory credits in these subjects, 
or (4) holder of 3-year professional certifi- 
cate with 3 years' experience. 



(1) Certificate of another State acceptable to 
territorial board of education, (2) exami- 
nation in subjects constituting four 
credits ui group II and all in group I ex- 
cept last two (substitutions allowed in 
any subject e.xcept the five subjects im- 
mediately preceding these last two), or 
(3) satisfactory credits in these subjects. 

Holder of credentials deemed sufficient to 
meet the requirements of the law. 

(1) Indorsement by territorial board of un- 
expired certificate of other States; (2) 
completion specified courses in specified 
schools, including graduation from full 
course at St. Michael's College; (3) pres- 
entation of credits in subjects required; 
or (4; examination in subjects required for 
second-grade certificate, and, in addition, 
civil government, elements of pedagogy 
(more advanced), applied psychology, 
and one of following: Algebra, botany, 
zoology, physics, or bookkeeping, with a 
minimum average of 90 per cent and 
grade of 70 per cent. 

(2) or (3), as above, or examination in sub- 
jects required for third-grade certificate, 
and, in addition. United States history 
and elementary course in teaching and 
school management, with an average of 76 
per cent and a minimum grade of 50 per 
cent. 

(2) or (3), as above, under first grade or ex- 
amination in reading, penmanship, or- 
thography, English grammar and com- 
position, geography, physiology, and 
arithmetic. Percentages not named — 
lower than required for second grade. 

As in temporary permit issued by Terri- 
torial superintendent. 



b Group I. — Arithmetic review (1), geometry (1), zoology (4), algebra (1), English grammar review (1), 
composition and rhetoric (1), history of English literature and English and American classics (2), United 
States history (J), civics (i), general history (1), J)hysiology and hygiene (J), botany (i), physical geog- 
raphy (i), psychology (l),'history of education, including a general knowledge of the following school sys- 
tems: The German, the French, the United States, and the New Mexico [sic] (J), school management ("§), 
general method (*), special method in reading, geography, language, spelling, and primary arithmetic 
(1), observation (*), practice (1). Substitutions; are allowed for any subject except the seven last 
named, twenty-seven months' teaching being considered the equivalent of the last two. 

Group //.—Latin (2, 3, or 4), Spanish (2), German (2), Greek (2), trigonometry (J), sociology (J), ethics (i), 
geology (J), astronomy Q), commercial law (J), English history (J), chemistry (1), bookkeeping (j), 
physics (1), calculus (J). Substitutions are allowed for any credit in this group. Grades must accom- 
pany all applications for acceptance of credits. 



62 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
NEW YORK. 

{Laws of N. Y., 1910, ch. 140, being ch. 10 of the Consolidated Laws, sees. 551-555. Handbook?, September, 
1909. Regulations relating to teachers' certificates.] 



Name of certificate. 



Issued by — 



Valid in- 



Terrltory. 



Schools. 



Duration. 



Renewal. 



College graduate 
professional cer- 
tificate. 

College graduate 
professional pro- 
visional certifi- 
cate. 

College graduate 
certificate: 
Permanent 



Commissioner of 
education. 



State. 



Any. 



Life. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



3 years. 



Limited. 



Normal diplomas.., 



State life certificate. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Commissioner of 
education, chair- 
man and secre- 
tary of local 
board, and prin- 
cipal of normal 
school. 

Commissioner of 
education. 



.do. 



Any except pri- 
mary or gram- 
mar grades. 



Any. 



Life.... 

2 years . 



Life. 



.do. 



State limited cer- 
tificate. 



Special certificate do. 

Without exami- | 
nation (in elo- 
cution, sewing, 
cooking, man- 
ual training, 
vocal music). 

Upon examina- do. 

tion (in kinder- 
garten, draw- 
ing, commercial 
branches, ste- 
nography). 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



5 years. 



State (sub- 
ject to 
ch. 140, 
sec. 551, 
Laws, 
1910). 



Subjects named. 



3 years . 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Nonrenewable. 



1 year; upon 
passing ex- 
amination in 
psychology, 
history of 
educati o n , 
principles of 
educat ion, 
and meth- 
ods. 



Nonrenewable; 
if remaining 
5 subjects are 
passed in one 
examination 
life certifi- 
cate will be 
issued. 

5-year periods 
after 2 years' 
experience. 



.do. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



63 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

NEW YORK. 

[Laws of N. Y., 1910, ch. 140, being ch. 10 of the Consolidated Laws, sees. 551-555. Handbook 7, September 
1909. Regulations relating to teachers' certificates.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship requirements. 



3 years under pro- 
visional college 
graduate profes- 
sional certificate 

None 



No examination required . 



3 years under lim- 
ited college grad- 
uate certificate. 

None 



.do. 



None; 600 periods 
of practice teach- 
ing and observa- 
tion. 



2 years. 



Commissioner of 
education. 



.do. 



.do 



None; applicant 
must satisfy 
commissioner he 
is qualified to 
teach the sub- 
ject. 

do 



Commissioner of 
education. 



Commissioner of 
education. 



.do. 



Commissioner of 
education. 



Holder of a college graduate professional 
provisional certificate. 



Graduation from an approved college 
course including education. 



Graduation fiom an approved college. 



Diploma from a New York state normal 
school or New York state normal college. 



Examination in subjects required for ele- 
mentary certificate with a minimum grade 
of 75 per cent, S subjects, and examina- 
tion in following subjects: Group II, 
with an average of 75 per cent and mini- 
mum gi'ade of (JO per cent, composition, 
English, and American literature, a 
foreign language (French, German, Span- 
ish, Latin (Caesar)), plane geometry, 
phj'sics, chemistry, botany or zoology, 
physical geography, history (ancient, 
European, or Great Britain and Ireland), 
civics, bookkeeping, drawing, history of 
education, principles of education, 
methods and school management, school 
law. 

Examination in all of Groups I and II re- 
quired for state life certificate and in 
following of Group III: Physics, civics, 
drawing, and 10 additional counts. 



Graduation from approved high school or 
equivalent and from approved profes- 
sional institution wherein the course of 
study in special subjects has been com- 
pleted. Request from a city or district 
superintendent after position has been 
assured candidate. 

Same as above, and in addition examina- 
tion as follows: (1) For kindergarten 
certificate, training-school examination 
in history of education, psychology, prin- 
ciples of education, school management, 
primary methods, kindergarten methods; 

(2) for drawing certificate, in drawing; 

(3) for commercial certificate, in advanced 
bookkeeping, business arithmetic; (4, 
for stenographer's certificate, in stenog- 
raphy and typewriting 



64 



TEACHEES CEBTIFICATES. 



A. — Tablf showing the principal fentures of teachers' 
NEW YORK— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by- 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 










Territory. 


Schools. 






Training school cer- 


Commissioner of 


State 


Any elementary 


3 years 


10-year periods 


tificate. 


education. 




school. 




on evidence 








' 


of 2 years' 










succe s s f u 1 










experience. 


Training class cer- 


School commis- 


School com- 


Any school not do 


5-year periods 


tificate. 


sioner. 


missioner's 


maintaining an ' 


on evidence 






dist r i c t; 


academic depart-; 


of 2 years' 






must be 


ment. After 3 j 


succes s f u 1 






i n d orsed 


years' experience 




experience. 






by any 


inay teach in 










other com- 


suba c a d e m i c 










missioner, 


grades of school 










unless he 


maintaining an 










can give 


academic de- 










valid rea- 


partment, pro- 










son for re- 


vided holder en- 1 








fusing. 


tered training j 
class on aca- 
demic diploma. ^ 




Rural school re- 


do 


do 


Any school not , 10 years 

maintaining an | 


10 years, on ev- 


newable certifi- 






idence of 5 


cate. 






academic de- 
partment. 




years' suc- 
cessful expe- 
rience. 


First-grade certifi- 


School commis- 


School com- 


Any elementary do 


10-year peri- 


cate (will not be 


sioner or city su- 


missioner, 


school. 


ods, on evi- 


issued after Jan. 


perintendent. 


district or 




dence of 5 


1, 1911). 




city. In- 
dorsed as 
above by 
com m i s- 






years' suc- 
cessful expe- 
rience. 






sioner or 










s u p e rin- 










tend e n t, 










except in 










certain 










cities, un- 










der special 


. 








acts. 






Academic certifi- 


School commis- 


Particular school approved by 


2 years 


Nonrenew- 


cate. 


sioner. 


school commissioner not 
maintaining an academic 
department. 




able. May 
be extended 
1 year for 










e a' c h 18 










counts earn- 










ed in ex- 










aminations 










while certif- 










icate is in 










force to- 










ward a life 










certificate. 


Elementary certifi- 
cate. 


do 


do 1 do 


May be ex- 






1 


tended 1 








1 

1 


year for each 








1 


8 counts of 










academic 










work com- 










pleted while 












in force. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



65 



certificates in the various States — Continued . 

NEW YORK— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship requirements. 



Same as for nor- 
mal diploma. 



Commissioner 
education. 



Commissioner 
education. 



None; in training 
class have had 
opportunity to 
observe work of 
critic teacher in 
grades at least 
twice each week 
and have been 
required to 
teach occasion- 
ally. 



.do. 



.do. 



2 years. 



.do. 



.do. 



-do. 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



-do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Graduation from a 4-year academic course 
required for admission to training school. 
Graduation from the 2-year professional 
course of training school and examination 
in arithmetic; geography; language, com- 
position, and grammar; physiology and 
hygiene; nature study; American history, 
with civics; drawing; methods in read- 
ing, writing, and spelling; psychology; 
history of education; and school man- 
agement. 

Examination in subjects required for a 
rural school renewable certificate, ex- 
cept omission of algebra and one branch 
of history other than American; substitu- 
tion of language, composition and gram- 
mar, including methods in same, for first- 
year English, and of methods in read- 
ing, writing, and spelling for methods in 
teaching. In addition, examination is 
required in psychology, and the questions 
in arithmetic and geography include 
questions in methods in those subjects. 



Examination in penmanship; spelling; 
arithmetic; geography; first-year Eng- 
lish; algebra; physiology and hygiene; 
nature study and agriculture; drawing; 
American history with civics; either 
ancient, European, or English and Irish 
history; history of education; school man- 
agement; methods of teaching; and school 
law. 

Examination in subjects required for ele- 
mentary certificate and, in addition, in 
algebra, physics, civics, bookkeeping, 
history of education, school manage- 
ment, school law, and either ancient or 
European history, or history of Great 
Britain and Ireland. Minimum grade, 
76 per cent. 



Holder of a regents' academic diploma. 
Issued only after engagement to teach 
has been made. 



Examination in writing, spelling, arith- 
metic, geography, elementary United 
States history with civics, first-year Eng- 
lish, physiology and hygiene, drawing 
Mininium grade of 75 per cent. Issued 
only after engagement to teach has been 
made. 



63200—10- 



66 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
NEW YORK— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by- 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Temporary license. 
School certificates.o 


Commissioner of 
education. 


Schoolcom- 
mission- 
ers' dis- 
t ric t , 
school 
district, 
or city. 


Any 


Not to ex- 
ceed 1 year. 


Nonrenew- 
able. 





NORTH CAROLINA. 

[Public School Law of N. C, 1909, pp. 67-68.] 



State certificate. 



High-school certifi- 
cate. 



Special high-school 
certificate (for as- 
sistant teachers). 

County certificates, 
first, second, and 
third grades. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



State. 



.do. 



do.., 

County. 



Any. 



.do. 



Branches named. 



Any elementary 
school; third 
grade as assist- 
ant teacher only. 



5 years. 



3 years. 



.do. 



2, 1, and 1 
year. 



Upon reexam- 
ination. 



.do. 



.do. 



First grade at 
discretion of 
county su- 
perintend- 
ent; second 
and third 
grade can 
be renewed 
upon reex- 
amination. 



a Local certificates are issued according to authority conferred in special acts or in city charters or as may 
be authorized by the regents' general rules. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



67 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

NEW YORK— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by — 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarsliip requirements. 



None. 



No examination required . 



Issued at discretion of commissioner of 
education to meet emergencies. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 

[Public School Law of N. C, 1909, pp. 67-68.] 



1 year. 



None. 



.do. 
.do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent (state 
board prepares 
uniform exami- 
nation questions 
which county 
superintendent 
may obtain upon 
application). 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



Certificate of county superintendent that 
appUcant holds a first-grade certificate 
and has taught 1 year successfully. 
Examination in same subjects as re- 
quired for county certificate. Minimum 
general average, 90 per cent. 

(1) Graduation from college of high rank and 
examination in English, theory and prac- 
tice of teaching, and scliool law. (2) Ex- 
amination in above subjects and also in 
history (State, national, including ci^^cs, 
English, and general); advanced arith- 
metic; algebra; geometry; one of following 
language.s— Latin (Caesar, Cicero, Virgil), 
Greek (Anabasis), French, orGerman; and 
one of the following sciences — physical 
geography, physics, agriculture, chem- 
istry, or botany. 

Examination in subjects under above and 
in. such branches as appUcant desires to 
teach. 

Examination in spelling, reading, writing, 
arithmetic, drawing, language lessons and 
composition, grammar, geography, his- 
tory of North CaroUna, United States 
history, agriculture, physiology and 
hygiene, including nature and effects of 
alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and theory 
and practice of teaching. Minimum 
averages as follows: First grade, 90 per 
cent; second grade, 80 per cent; third 
grade, 70 per cent. 



68 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
NORTH DAKOTA. 
[Laws of N. Dafc., 1905, Ch. 107; 1909, Ch. 96. General School Laws, 1909, pp. 77-83.] 





Issued by- 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Name of certificate. 










Territory. 


Schools. 






Life professional 
certificate. 


State superintend- 
ent. 


State . 




Life 












Do 


do 


.do 


do 


do 




State certificate: 














.do 


do 


do 


5 years 


Satisfactory 
evidence of 




















continuous 












successful 












experience 












and profes- 












sional spirit. 




do . . 


.do 


do 


3 years 


do 


Special certificate 
(for music, draw- 


do .. 


. .do... . 


Subjects named... 


do 


do 










ing, kindergarten, 












primary subjects, 












manual indus- 












trial training, do- 












mestic science, 












nature study, or 












elementary agri- 
culture). 
First-grade county 
certificate. 












do 


County 
(may be 


Any 


do 


(1) 2 months' 








teaching un- 






indorse d 






der certifi- 






by other 






cate, (2) 6 






county 






weeks' at- 






s u perm- 






tendance at 






tendents). 






a teachers' 
training 
school, or 2 
years' read- 
ing circle 






















work. Sub- 












sequent re- 












newals de- 












pendent up- 












on attend- 












a n c e at 












training 












school. 


Second-grade 
county certificate. 


do 


do 


.do 


2 years 


do 












Temporary license. 


County superin- 
tendent. 




...do 


Until next 


N n r e n ew- 






exami- 


able. 










nation. 





a Nine months, if applicant have a diploma from the normal college of state university or a North Dakota 
normal school, which is equivalent to a state certificate of the second class. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



69 



certificates in the various States — Continued . 

NORTH DAKOTA. 
[Laws of N. Dak., 1905, Ch. 107; 1909, Ch. 96. General School Laws, 1909, pp. 77-83.] 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


5 years 


State superintend- 
ent. 

No examination re 

State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


State superintend- 
ent. 

juired 


Examinations in all branches taught in 




common and high schools of State, with 
pedagogics and such other branches as 
state superintendent may direct; or pos- 
session of degrees in hberal arts granted 
by approved college or university. 
Graduation from normal college of tlie Uni- 


18 months o 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


versity of North Dakota or from a state 
normal school. 

Graduation from normal college of state 
university or an approved normal school 
or college. State superintendent may 
examine in his discretion. 

Graduation from an approved normal 


.do 


do 


do 


school, or a North Dakota college or uni- 
versity, with one year study of peda- 
gogics. State superintendent may exam- 
ine in his discretion. 
Detennined l)v state superintendent (no 




.do 


do 


examination required of graduates of 
state normal and industrial schools, to 
teach manual and industrial training). 

Examination in branches of common Eng- 


None 


. ..do 


do 


lish education, reading, writing, orthog- 
raphy, language lessons and English 
granimar, geography, United States his- 
tory, civil government, physiology and 
hygiene, physical culture, and theory and 
practice of teaching; and in addition, 
physical geography, physics, psychology, 
alg'el)ra, and geometry. Minimum aver- 
age, S.'i; minimum grade, 75. 

Same as first grade, excepting the last 5 


do 


do 


do 


branches. Minimum average, 80; mini- 
mum grade, 70. 
Satisfactory evidence of qualification. 











70 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
OHIO. 
[Ohio School Laws, 1906, pp. 167-179. Sess. Laws 1908, pp. 350-353, and 1910, pp. 305-306, 317-319.] 



Name of certificate. 



Issued by- 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



Schools. 



Duration. 



Renewal. 



High-school life cer- 
tificate: 
Plan I 



Plan II. 



State board of 
school examin- 
ers. 



.do. 



State. 



Common-school life 
certificate: 
Plan I 



.do. 



Plan II. 



.do. 



Special life certifi- 
cate; 
Plan I 



.do. 



Plan II do 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Provisional high- State commis- do. 

school certificate. '. sioner. 



Any. 



Life. 



.do. 



Any for branches 
named. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Any. 



4 years. 



Eligible after 
24 months' 
e X p erience 
for high- 
school life 
certificate. 



a Examination for any kind of a certificate issued by the state board requires a minimmn average of 8n 
per cent and a minimum grade of SO per cent. 



STATE LAWS AND KEGITLATIONS. 



71 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

OHIO. 
[Ohio School Laws, 1906, pp. 167-179. Sess. Laws 1908, pp. 3r)0-353, and 1910, pp. 306-306, 317-319.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by— 



Scliolarship requirements. 



50 months. 



(1) 24 months for 
holder of provi- 
sional certificate 
of same kind is- 
sued to college 
and normal- 
school graduates 
by state com- 
missioner. (2) 
10 years for 
holder of profes- 
sional certifi- 
cate of same 
grade issued by 
a city or county 
board of exami- 
ners. 



State board of 
school examin- 
ers. 



.do. 



Same as "high- 
school life with- 
out examina- 
tion." 



50 months. 



.do. 



None. 



State board of Examination in subjects required for com- 
school examin- mon-school life certificate and, in addi- 
ers. tion, in geometry, rhetoric, civil govern- 

ment, advanced algebra, advanced phys- 
ics, Latin, psychology, history of educa- 
tion, science of education, and three of 
following: Chemistry, botany, zoology, 
astronomy, trigonometry and its applica- 
tions, logic, Greek, German, and political 
economy.o 

do (1) Holder of provisional high-school certifi- 
cate issued by state commissioner and 
examination in theory and practice of 
teaching, history of education, and 
science of education. o (2) Holder of pro- 
fessional high-school certificate issued by 
county board of examiners and examina- 
tions in same subjects. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do Examination in orthography, reading,writ- 

ing, arithmetic, elementary algebra, geog- 
raphy, physical geography, English 
grammar and composition. United States 
history including civil government, gen- 
eral history, English literature, physi- 
ology and "hygiene, including effects of 
alcohol and narcotics, elementary phys- 
ics, theory and practice of teaching, scien- 
tific temperance, and such other branches, 
if any, as they may elect. o 

.do (1) Holder of provisional elementary-school 

certificate issued by state commissioner 
and examination in theory and practiced 
(2) Holder of professional elementary cer- 
tificate issued by county board and ex- 
amination in theory and' practice. 



.do. 



.do. 



State department . 



do Examination in .special branches in which 

certificate is desired and in physiology 
and hygiene, including effects of alcohol 
and narcotics, psychology, theory and 
practice, history of education, and science 
I of education as prescribed for high-school 
life certificates. o 

do ' (1) Holder of provisional special certificate 

issued by state commissioner and exami- 
nation in theory and practice and in spe- 
\ cial branch. (2) Holder of professional 
special certificate issued by county board 
and examination in same subject. 

State department .' Graduation from any approved normal 
school, teachers' college, college, or uni- 
versity in a four years' academic and pro- 
fessional course requiring for entrance 
graduation from a high school of first 
grade and including actual secondary 
teaching under supervision in a training 
school. Examination in .same subjects 
as for teacher's high-school certificate.a 



72 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
OHIO— Continued. 



Naineof cerlificate. 



Provisional elemen- 
tary-school cer- 
tificate. 



Provisional special 
certificate. 



Teachers' h i g h - 
school certifi- 
cate: 
Professional 



Pro\i.sioinU6. 



Teachers' elemen- 
tary school cer- 
tificate: 
Professional 



Issued by- 



State c m m i s - 
sionor. 



.do. 



County or city 
board of school 
examiners. 



.do. 



.do. 



Provisional 6 do. 



Teachers' special 
certificate: 
Professional 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



State. 



.do. 



State cer- 
tificates 
issued by 
city 
board, 
valid in 
cities 
only. 

County 6.. 



State. (See 
profes- 
sional 
h i g h - 
school 
c e r t i fl- 
ea te.) 



County b. 



-do. 



Provisional 6. 



Temporary certifi- 
cates. 



.do. 
.do. 



Stale. (See 
profes- 
sional 
h i g h - 
school 
c e r t i fl- 
cate.) 

County 6.. . 



County or 
city. 



Schools. 



Any for branches 
named. 



.do. 



High schools. 



.do. 



Elementary 
schools. 



.do. 



Branches named . 



-do. 



As designated. 



Duration. 



4 years . 



do. 



5 or 8 years. . 



1, 2, 01 
years. 



5 or 8 vears. . 



5 or 8 vears. 



1, 2, or 3 
years. 

Until next 
examina- 
tion. 



Renewal. 



Same, except 
common- 
school life 
certificate. 



Same, except 
special life 
certificate. 



Without ex- 
amination, 
unless hold- 
er has not 
taught dur- 
ing 4 years 
preceding. 



(«) 



Same as pro- 
f e s s i o n a 1 
high -school 
certificate. 



(«) 



Same as pro- 
f e ssional 
high school. 



Same as pro- 
visional ele- 
mentary. 

Nonre new- 
able. 



I 



a Examination for any kind of a certificate issued by the state board requires a minimum average of 85 
per cent and a minimum grade of 80 per cent. 

t> County and city boards of examiners may issue certificates without examination to holders of like cer- 
tificates granted by other county and city boards of examiners. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



73 



certificates in the various States — Continued . 

OHIO— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


None 


State department. 
. . .do 


State department. 
do 


Graduation from a 2-year academic and pro- 


do 


fessional course in approved normal 
school, college, or university based on 
graduation from high school of fu-st grade, 
including practice teaching under super- 
vision and examination in same subjects 
as for teacher's elementary-school cer- 
tificate. 
Completion of special course in institutions 
named above, including practice teaching 
and examination in same subjects as 
for teacher's special certificate.a 

Examination in literature, general history, 
algebra, physics, physiology including 
narcotics, theory and practice of teach- 
ing, and fourof following: Latin, German, 
rhetoric, civil government, geometry, 
physical geography, botany, and chem- 
istry. Mmimum average, 92 per cent; 
minimum grade, 85 per cent. These 
standings do not apply to city certificates. 

Examination in same subjects; average 
and grade required not stipulated.ii 

Examination in orthography, reading. 


40 montlis; does 
not apply to city 
certificates. 

None 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


County board of 
examiners. 

do 


40 months. . . 


do 


do 

do 


None 


. .do 


writing, arithmetic, English grammar 
and composition^, geography, history of 
United States, mcluding civil govern- 
ment, physiology including narcotics, 
literature, theory and practice of teach- 
ing. Minimum average, 92 per cent; 
mmimum grade, 85 per cent. These 
standings do not apply to city certificates. 
Examination in same subjects: standings 


40 montlis 


do 


do 


not stipulated. <* 
Examination in subjects to be taught and 


None 


do 


do 

Coimty board of 
examiners when 
examination is 
required. 


in theory and practice of teaching with a 
minimum average of 92 per cent and 
grade of 85 per cent. These standings do 
not applj' to city certificates. 

Same examination: no standings stipu- 


do 


County examin- 
ers wlien exam- 
ination is re- 
quired. 


lated. 
Examination at discretion of countv board 




of examiners. 



c Discretion of board. If holder has taught 5 years continuously renewable by passing examination in 
theory and practice. 

i County boards of examiners may issue provisional certificates without examination (except in theory 
and practice and science of education) to graduates of schools for training of teachers having a two-year 
course who have also previously graduated from a first-grade high school. 



74 



TKAc 1 1 ERS <:; JO \v.\n v i c a'J'ios. 



A. 'I'lihlr .shoiriiif/ llic priiici jxil fcuhtrcft of Icarhers* 
OKLAHOMA. 

yiiws 111 III O pi Minus I'oi- I, 111' itoijiil.iiiuii and SiipiJorLof lli(( (loiiiiiioii ScIiooIm, li)l).s, Articles III and XXV ; 
luio, Ailli^lc W. okliilioiiiii I'ydiUMilioniU Directory and lieciiiircnicnts for State Cerlillcales, pp. 101- 
105. IJIennlai Koport of tlie Department of I'liblic I n.s traction, lilOH, pp. ia-J-146.] 



Valid in - 



NaiMc'of cfilidciile. 



I/lfi' diploinan. 



S u perlnlcndcnCs 
ciMtHlcate. 



iN^ui'd l)y 



State board ofedu- 
i 111 ion. 



State. 



.do. 



HlRlKscliool certin- 
cate. 



..do. 



.do... 



(traniniar .school 
corl ideate. 



.do. 



Dnratioii. 



Any. 



Life. 



Superintend o r Life, Id, or 
I eacli any .school. ij years. 



Any lilK'h, school... I Life, 10, or 
f) years 
(soo last 
colimin). 



First to oightli 
grade, inclii.sivo. 



Life. 



I{ene\val. 



Nonrenewable. 



...do. 



.do. 



II Dlplimias from educational inslilution.s constitute certificates, as follows: 

^(r) Krom stale normal .school, llfecertiflcate good for any school; (h) from State University (at Norman), 
life certidcate wl\<>n i-oimter,si,i,'ned by state superintendent; may be countersi(;n(>d upon expiration of 14 
months' teaehlni; after praduation. Two years pcil;\iro;;y and practice teaclilns; accepted in lieu of expe- 
rience; ((•) from Colored .\i;riculltnal and Normal I'iiivcrsity, Ti-ycar certillcate; (.(/) from Oklahoma 
Agricultural and Mechaniial rollej;<", permanent certilicatc of graiie nuist be granteil by state super- 
iiilenilont. 



STATE LAWS AND RECiUF.ATIONy, 



75 



certificates in the variovs iStaics — ("ontiniicd. 

OKLAHOMA. 



(Laws and Opinions for tho Uogulatlon and Support of thoOonuiion Schools, 1908, Arl.iclctill] ujid XXV; 
1910, Article XV. Oklahoma Kducational Uiri'Ctory and Ucqnirotiionts for SLato Ccrtllicates, pp. 101- 
105. Uionnial Report of tho Dopartinont of Tubllc Instruction, 1908, pj). 134-140.] 



Experience 
required. 



10 years. 



10 years, 5 years, 
or 1 year. 



One year for 5-J 

year certificate, 
or 1 year's work, 
10 hours per 
week, in peda- 
KORy, one-third 
of time In actual 
teaclilng in 
trairdng school; 
for 1 0-year certi- 
ficate, 5 years; 
for life certifi- 
cate, 10 years. 



Samp, except al- 
ternative of ped- 
agogy course is 
omitted. (See 
last column.) 



Questions 
prepared by 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



.do. 



.do.. 



Papers exam- 
ined by - 



Scholarship requirements. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



.do. 



.do... 



Issued only to university or coUcgi! gradu- 
ates who are teachers of ox('<'|il ionally suc- 
cessful experience, to supcrinlciKlcnts. 
presidents of liistltiitioiis of Icuriiirig, and 
to others of eminent standing, wlio pre- 
sent the (jualifications for high school or 
grammar certificates. 

Examination in arithmetic, elcnientary 
algebra, agriculture, Ijookkceping, coin- 
posllion and rhetoric, civics, domestic 
scieru^e, drawinfj, geography, nliysical 
geography, English grammar, history of 
education. United Slates history, liistory 
of (Oklahoma, peneral liistory, English 
literature, musK^ niircotics and .stimu- 
lants, orlliograpliy, penmanship, physi- 
ology and hygiene, pliysics, psychology, 
reading, school law, school sujicrvlsion, 
and theory and practice, with an average 
of 90 percent and minimum of 70 percent. 

Examination in suljjects required for a 
grammar-school certificate, and in addi- 
tion, one branch each of (Iroiips I, IV, V, 
VI, and VII and twoof firon|)s 1 1 and HI: 

(Oroup I. Astronomy, calculus, plant!, 
solid, and sjiherical geometry, plane and 
spherical trigonometry. 

Oroup //.— .\dvanced agriculture, botany, 
chemistry, geology, mineralogy, zoology. 

Oroup III. — Ancient history, medi'.nval 
history, English liistory, modern history, 
economic history, logic or etiiics, polill- 
cal economy, sociology. 

Oroup IV.- — Oklahoma school law, philoso- 
phy of education, primary leaching, 
Kiridergarten training,. school supervision. 

Oroup K- Two years' work in French, 
Greek, 'icmian, Latin, or iSpanlsh. 

Oroup VI. English novelists, English 
es,says, English drama, history of Eng- 
lish language, rlietoric (advanced;. 

Oroup VII.- Mechanical drawing, domes- 
tic art, elo(Mjtion, history of art, military 
science, physical culture, manual train- 
ing. 

Oraaiv.ff.—Vor life certificate average of 90 
per cent, minimum 80 per cent; for 10- 
year certificate average of H!i per cent, 
minimum 75 per cent; for .5-year certifi- 
cate average of 80 per cent, minimum 70 
jier ('cnt. 

Holder of first-grade county certificate or 
graduate of a reputable college and exami- 
nation in subjects required for superin- 
tendents certificate, except history of 
education, psychology, school law and 
school supervision. 

Orading.—k?, in high-school certificate 
above. 



76 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers' 
OKLAHOMA— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 



Issued by- 



Valid in— 



Territory. 



Scliools. 



Duration. 



Renewal. 



Primary certificate. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



State . 



First to fourth 
grade, inclusive. 



Life. 



Nonrenewable. 



-do. 



.do. 



Kindergarten cer- 
tificate. 



Special certificate 
(drawing, manual 
training, physical 
culture, ancient 
and modern lan- 
guages, English 
history and civ- 
ics, mathematics, 
science, music, 
commercial, tech- 
nical, and indus- 
trial subjects). 



Elementary certi- | do 

flcates (first, sec- 
ond, and third 
grade). 

County certificates: 
First grade 



.do. 



Kindergarten. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Branches and 
grades named. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Second grade. 



Third grade. 



Temporary certifi- 
cate. 



County board of 
examiners. 



State in- 
dorse- 
m e n t 
c o mpul- 
sory. 



Elementary grades 



Any. 



Same as corresponding grade 
of county certificates. 



3 vears . 



.do. 



-do. 



County 
and ad- 
joining 
counties. 

County 



.do. 



-do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



District 
d es ig- 
nated. 



2 years. 
1 year. 



Until next 
e X amina- 
tion. 



For original 
period if 
holder has 
attended 75 
per cent of 
sessions of 
i n s t i tutes 
and has 
taught 3 
months 
each year 
and has av- 
erage of 75 
per cent. 

do 



Not more 
than two 
to same per- 
son. 



Not given a 
second time. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



77 



certificates in the various States — Continued . 

OKLAHOMA— Continued . 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship requirements. 



Same as for gram- 
mar certificate. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



.do. 



Not granted on examination. 



Satisfactory stand- 
ing as a teacher. 



Same as first, sec- 
ond, and third 
grade county 
certificates. 

12 months 



State board of edu- 
cation. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



3 months . 



.do 



None 



.do. 



State board of edu- 
cation. 



Board of county 
examiners. 



.do. 



.do. 



do No examination required . 



Holder of first-grade county certificate or 
graduate of a reputable college who by 
examination shows familiarity with the 
methods of teaching the following: Music, 
numbers, nature study, drawing, reading, 
language, permianship, physiology, hy- 
giene, narcotics and stimulants, agricul- 
ture, geography, history, domestic science; 
also how to originate busy work and 
industrial occupations. 

Grading.— As in high-school certificate 
above. 

Graduation from the kindergarten training 
department of Oklahoma state normal 
schools and other schools on accredited 
list. 

Applicant must satisfy board as to his 
scholarly attaiiunents. "Candidates 
for a special high-school certificate must 
be a graduate of a reputable college and 
have had not less than eight years of high- 
school and college work and must also 
have had not less than three years of 
special advanced training in subjects for 
which certificate is desired, including 
not less than half a year of post-graduate 
work in some accredited university;" 
however, as an equivalent, board may 
consider any evidence of scholarship, 
education, experience, training, travel, 
or culture that may be offered. 

Same as corresponding grades of county 
certificates. 



Examination in subjects required for sec- 
ond grade and, in addition, bookkeeping 
and the elements of natural philosophjr, 
with an average of 90 per cent and mini- 
mum of 70 per cent. 



Examination in subjects required for third 
grade and, in addition, civics, with an av- 
erage of 80 per cent and a minimum of 60 
per cent. 

Examination in orthography, reading, 
writing, English grammar, composition, 
geography, arithmetic, United States 
history, physiology and hygiene, theory 
and practice of teaching, agriculture, do- 
mestic science, drawing, music, and his- 
tory of Oklahoma, with an average of 70 
per cent and a minimum of 50 per cent. 

Upon request of district; fitness determined 
by examination. Applicant must not 
have failed at any regular examination. 



78 



TEACHEES CERTIFICATES, 



A. — Table showing the princijyal features of teachers' 
OREGON. 

jOreg. Sdiool Law-., WOfi, compiled and annotated by J. H. Ackerman, pp. 5-8, 21-26, 108.) 



Name of certificate. 



State diploma. 



State certificate. 



Special certificate. 
(See last column 
for subjects.) 



Permit 



First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Second-grade cer- 
tificate. 



Third-grade certifi- 
cate. 

Primary certificate. 



Temporary permit. 



Issued by- 



State board of edu- 
cation. 



.do. 



.do. 



Board of county 
examiners. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



State. 



.do. 



School dis- 
trict. 



State. 



County; 
valid in 
any other 
county 
when in- 
dorsed by 
county 
superin- 
tendent. 

County 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Schools. 



Any. 



.do. 



Any; subject 
named. 



Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



Life. 



5 years . 



Life. 



3 years . 



2 years . 



.do. 



1 year. 



Not above third ! 3 years 

grade, except as j 

assistant teacher 

in graded 

schools. 
Any 



Until next 
examina- 
tion. 



Renewal. 



Nonrenewable 



Nonrenewable 



Only upon re- 
examination 



Non renew- 
able; not 
more than 
one to same 
person un- 
less not suf- 
ficient ex- 
perience for 
first- grade 
certificate. 

do 



Only upon re- 
exammation, 



Only 2 to each 
person in 
same coim- 
ty. 



o Graduates of colleges and universities and of the Oregon state normal school "are entitled to teach, 
in any high school "upon registration of diploma with coimty superintendent.— School Laws, 1909, p. 108. 



STATE LAWS AND EEGULATIONS. 



79 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

OREGON. 

[Oreg. School Laws, 1909, compiled and annotated by J. H. Ackeniian, pp. 5-8, 21-26, 108.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by- 



Scholarship requirements. 



60 months, 15 in 
State; graduates 
from state and 
equivalent nor- 
mal schools in 
Oregon and from 
colleges in State 
whose courses 
include 5 years 
beyond eighth' 
grade "may ap- 
ply" upon "com- 
pletion of 30 
months' experi- 
ence after grad- 
uation." 

(1)30 months, 9 in 
State; indorse- 
ment by county 
superintendent 
of 3 years' work 
i m m e d i ately 
preceding, un- 
less requirement 
is waived by 
board. (2) None 
If graduate of 
one of above 
schools. a 

None 



See scholarship re- 
quirements. 



12 months. 



3 months. 



None 

12 months. 



None. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



.do. 



Examination in subjects required for state 
certificate, and, in addition, botany, plane 
geometry, and general history, with 
average of So per cent and minimum of 
70 percent. Sixty per cent of questions 
based upon text-books adopted by State; 
those in theory and practice upon texts 
announced one year previous. 



Examination in subjects required for fijst- 
grade certificate and, in addition, algebra, 
bookkeeping, composition, physical ge- 
ography, physics, psychology, and Eng- 
lish literature, with" average of 85 per 
cent and minimum of 70 per cent. Ques- 
tions based upon state texts as above. 



No examination required 1 Upon request of local board of directors 

board may issue at its discretion without 
examination to teachers of music, for- 
eign languages, drawing and painting, 
manual traming, and penmanship. Ap- 
plicant must present to state board cre- 
dentials showing special training for 
subject he wishes to teach or evidence 
of more than one year of successful 
teaching in said subject. 

Holder of diploma or certificate issued by 
another State "of the grade and kind 
equivalent to a state certificate" (se- 
cured through examination), but who 
has not had requisite experience for a 
state certificate in Oregon. 

Examination in subjects required for a 
second-grade certificate and, in addition, 
English literature and physical geogra> 
phyj with average of 90 per cent and 
minimum of 70 per cent. Questions 
based on state texts as above. 



.do. 



State board of ed' 
ucation. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Board of county 
examiners. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent, when 
necessary. (See 
last colunm.) 



County superin- 
tendent, when 
necessary. (See 
last column.) 



Examination in orthography, reading, 
writing, written arithmetic, English 
grammar, geography. United States his- 
tory, theory of teaching, physiology and 
hygiene, civil government, "and Oregon 
school law, with average of 80 per cent 
and minimum of 60 per cent. 



Examination in same subjects as for second 
grade, with minimum average of 75 per 
cent and grade of 60 per cent. 

Examination in reading, writing, orthog- 
raphy, arithmetic, physiology, language, 
geography, and theory and" practice of 
teaching, with average of 85 per cent and 
minimum of 70 per cent. 

(1) Holder of a certificate of another county 
or another State, or (2) an examination 
equivalent to that required for a third- 
grade certificate. Can not be issued to 
person who failed at last regular exami- 
nation. 



80 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing th§ principal features of teachers' 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
[The Common-School Laws of Pa., 1909, pp. 76, 124, 129-130, 133-135, 137-138, 153.] 



Name of certificate. 



State teachers' per- 
manent certifi- 
cate (college). 

Practical teacher's 
state certificate. 



Master's normal di- 
ploma. 

Normal elementary 
certificate. 



Permanent certifi- 
cate. 



Professional certifi- 
cate. 



Provisional certifi- 
cate. 



Special certificate . 



Issued bv- 



State superintend- 
ent. 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



State. 



Board of nonnal- do . 

school principals-! 



-do. 
.do. 



State superinten- 
dent. 



County, city, or 
borough super- 
intendent. 



.do. 



County, city, or 
borough super- 
intendent, when 
approved by 
state superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 
.do. 



County, 
city, or 
b rough 
named." 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Schools. 



Any. 



Any school in 
branches named. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Branches named . . Not specified 



Life. 



-do. 



.do. 



2 annual 
school 
terms; not 
neces- 
sarily 
c n s e c- 
utive. 

Life o 



1 year be- 
yond offi- 
cial term 
of officer 
issuing cer- 
tificate. 

1 year 



Renewal. 



Nonrenewable. 



Upon reexam- 
ination. 



Not .specified. 



a A permanent certificate is valid in any other county, city, or borough for one year. If at the end of 
that time it is indorsed by the superintendent of that county, city, or borough it has full force and effec t 
of permanent certificate in the new territory. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



81 



certificates in the various States — Continued . 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
[The Common-School Laws of Pa , 1909, pp. 76, 124, 129-130, 133-135, 137-138, 153.] 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements . 


3 full annual terms 
in Pennsylvar 
nia. 

do 


No examination re 

Board of normal- 
school princi- 
pals. 

do 




Graduatioa froja a literary or scientific col- 


Board of normal- 
school princi- 
pals. 

do 


lege legally empowered to confer the 
bachelor's and master's degrees and hav- 
ing a course of 4 years. 
Same examination as required of graduates 


2 years' teaching 
after graduation. 


of normal schools for master's normal 
diploma; other subjects may be added to 
certificate. Original thesis on profes- 
sional subject, not less than 6 folio pages. 
Credentials warranting credit in "practice 


.do 


do 


of teaching." 
Examination reqnii-ed by board of normal- 


3 years under cue 
board which cer- 
tifies to success. 
County superin- 
tendent must 
countersign cer- 
tiJieate. 

Successful expe- 
rience. No defi- 
nite minimum. 

Little or no expe- 
rience. 


Examining com- 
mittee of 3 ap- 
pointed by state 
superintendent. 

County, city, or 
borough super- 
intendent. 

-do 


Examining com- 
mittee of 3 ap- 
pointed by state 
superintendent. 

County, city, or 
borough super- 
intendent. 

do 


school principals, covering all subjects in 
the normal-school course or their equiv- 
alents. 

Holder of professional certificate. Exami- 
nation must be satisfactory to committee 
and to state superintendent, to whom 
questions and answers must be forwarded. 
Applicant must be examined in subjects 
required for a professional certificate, and 
may be examined in such other subjects 
as he desires. 

Thorough knowledge of branches named for 
provisional certificate. 

Fair Icnowledge of orthography, reading. 


No e-xaminalion re 




writing, geography, gi'anunar, mental 
and vvritten arithmetic, United States 
history, and theory of teaching. 
None specified. 









63200—10- 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



■\.. — Table showing the pri nripal features of teachers' 

RHODE ISLAND. 

[Laws of R. I., relating to education, 1910, chap. 68, p. 25. R. I. Education Circulars, Examination and 
Certification of Teachers, June 30 and July 1, 1910.] 



Name of certificate. 



Issued by — 



First-grade certifi- 
cate: 
Upon examina^ 
tion. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



Without exami- 
nation. 



Second-grade cer- 
tificate: 

Upon examina- | do . 

tlon. I 



Without exami- do 

nation. I 

Third-grade certifi- I 

cate: 
Upon examina- do 

tion. 



Without exami- | do 

nation. i 



b'ourth-grade eer- j do 

tlficate. 



Temporary certifi- I do 

cate. 1 



,E vening-school cer- 
tificate: 
First grade 



.do. 



Third grade I do. 



Fourth grade j do. 



Valid tn- 



Territory. 



Schools. 



State I Any. Each local 

board makes its 

own regulations 

i regarding grade 

, of certificate for 

its ovni schools. 



.do. 



Duration. 



.3 years . 



Renewal. 



6 years first 
and second 
time; third 
time may be 
permanent. 



.do. 



.do j 2 years . 





1 

.do . .1 




do i 




do j 




do I 




.do 1 







do. 



4 years first 
time; 9 years 
second time; 
third time 
may be per- 
manent. 



.do. 



.do. 



do. 



4 years first 
thne; 6 years 
second time. 



do I R e n e w a ble 

' only as a 
fourth-grade 
evening 
school for 4 
, years. 
1 yearorun- Nonrenewable, 
til next ex- 1 
amination. 



.do I Evening schools. 

.do I do 



3 years . 
2 years . 



.do j do 

.do Subjects named . . 



Same as for 
same grade 
of regular 
cert ificate, 
except no 
p e rmanent 
certificates. 



2 years ! Same as for 

1 second grade. 



Special certificates do 

("any special 

branch," includ- I i 

ing kindergarten). ,1 

CoDoitional certifi- do do Same as for first | Same as tem- 1 Nonrenewable, 

cates. ! ' ; grade. porary 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

I Laws of R. I., relating to educatiou, 1910, chap. OS, p. 25. R. 1. KdiualiDii Cinuilars, E.xainiuaiion and 
Certification of Teachers, June 30 and July 1, 1910.] 



Experience 
required. 



None under regu- 
lar rules. Some- 
times required 
in special cases 
not under an or- 
dinary rule. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



Papers exam- 
ined by- 



Stale board of ed- 
ucation. 



.do. 



..do. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



Scholarship reqiiirenicntj^ 



Must ha\(' held a .second-grade cerltficale 
and have passed examination for the 
same, and in addition examination in the 
following subjects: Solid and spherical 
geometry, trigonometry, geology and 
mineralogy, chemistry," history of me- 
diaeval and modern Europe, Latin or 
French, advanced algebra or analytical 
geometry, pliysics, political and constitu- 
tional history of the United States or 
English history, botany or zoology, Greelc 
or German, history of" education, educa- 
tional psychology, philosophy of educa- 
tion, methodology, school management, 
and .'school law. Certification of comple- 
tion of requirements in any subject in an 
approved institution may be accepted. 

Graduation from approved university or 
college, and satisfactory course in pro- 
fessional subjects or .5 years' successful ex- 
perience. 



Must have held a third-grade certificate or 
have passed examination for the same, 
and in addition examination in the fol- 
lowing subjects: Algebra, plane geom- 
etry, elements of physics, elements of 
chemistry, botany or zoology, rhetoric, 
English literature, civics, pohtical and 
eonslitutional history of United States 
or (ircck history to death of Alexander, 
commercial geography or Roman history 
to the death of Marcus Aurelius, and in 
professional subjects required for first- 
grade certificate. College work accepted 
as above. 

Graduation from an approved normal 
school. 



..do. 



.do. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



.do. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



Successful experi- 
ence. 



None... 
....do. 



No examination required . 



Issued mainly upon examination in arith- 
metic, language, geography, history, 
physiology, reading, spelling, penman- 
ship, methods, school management, 
and school law. 

Graduation from normal schools not quite 
up to tl\(> st aiidard for .second grade. Also 
upon long and successful experience, with 
worlc in summer schools and the like. 

Simple examination in the same subjects 
as for the third grade, except professional 
subjects. 



College graduation without qualification in 
professional subjects or successful expe- 
rience. Also Lssued at times "in excep- 
tional cases." 



1 State board of ed- 
ucation. 



I Graduates of approved colleges and uni- 
versities. 
Same conditions as for third grade, except 
professional subjects not required. 



None. 



..do. 



I I Issued only as a renewal of a fourth-grade 

I j certificat^e. 

No examination required ; Upon prosenfafion of satisfactory evidence 

'[ of preparation in specialty. Kindergar- 

, ten certificates ]nay be made valid for 

j first and second grades. 

State board of ed- State board of ed- i Granted to candidates who fail to pass in 

ueation. ucation. I one or two subjects, but whose general 

average is good. 



84 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Tabic shtnving the principal features of teachers^ 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 
[General School Law of S. C. (containing regulations of state board of education), 1909, pp. 19-23, 57-63.] 



Name of i-ertificate. 



State certificate. . 



Licentiate of In- 
struction di- 
ploma. 

County certificate 
(first, second, and 
third grade). 



County certificates 
without exami- 
nation. 



Valid in— 



Issued bv— 



Territory. 



Governor and 
state superin- 
tendent, con- j 
firmed by state i 
board of "educa- 
tion. I 

(Joverning board I 
of institution. 

County board of 
education. 



.do. 



Schools. 



Any. 



.do. 



County; 
registrar 
tion in 
any other 
county 
permit- 
ted. 



.do. 



.do. 



Duration. 



2 years . 



-do. 
.do. 



.do. 



Optional . 



.do. 



First and sec- 
ond grade 
at option of 
board if in- 
stitutes at- I 
tended; ^ 
third grade 
can not be 
renewed. ; 

Optional 



South Dakota. (See page 86.) 

TENNESSEE. 

[ Public School Laws of Tcmi., pp. 6, 21. Memorandum of state supt. of public instruction.] 



Secondary certifi- 












cate: 












Upon e -x. a m i - 
nation (first 


County superin- 
tendent. 




Anv 


1 year 


Successful 






teaching; 


and second 










keeping up 


grades). 










reading -cir- 
cle course. 




(bounty superin- 
tendent (see last 




do 


.do 


Every vear 


nation (1). 


(see last 






during life 




column). 


column). 






of holder. 




do 


.do 


do 


do 


Every vear 


nation (2). 


■ 








for 4 years, 
orforQj'ears 
if "state sec- 
ondary cer- 
tificate" is 
renewed (see 
last column). 


Primary certificate: 












Without exami- 


County superin- 


County 


Only iu schools 


do 


Renewable if 


nation. 


tendent (see last 


■ (see last 


teaching com- 




"state pri- 




column). 


column). 


mon branches 
named in last 
column (upon 
examination). 




mary" is re- 
newed (see 
last column). 


Upon examina- 


County superin- 


County 


do 


do 


Same as sec- 


t ion (third 


tendent. 








ondarv cer- 


grade). 


' 








tificate upon 
examination. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 85 

certificates in the various States — Continued. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 
[General School Law of S. C. (containing regulations of state board of education), 19C9,pp. 19-23,57-03.) 



Experience 
required. 



None. 



.do. 
.do. 



Questions 
prepared l)y- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



No examination required . 



Suliolurship requirenienl- 



Diploma of gradnalion from reputable uni- 
versity or college in some oilier State of as 
high rank as the leading colleges within 
the State or completion of 9 courses at 
state sunmier school. 



do. 



State board of ed- 
ucation . 



County boardof ed- 
education. 



Course of study of institution must have 
received approval of state board of edu- 
cation. 
Examination in lollowing subjects: .Alge- 
bra, arithmetic, United States history, 
civics and current events, grammar, 
physiology, geography, pedagogy, and 
agriculture. Minimum averages and 
grades, respectively, us follows: First 
grade, 80 per cent arid 50 per cent; second 
grade, 70 per cent and -15 per cent; third 
i grade, 60 per cent and 4 per cent. 

No examination required Completion of 9 courses at county or district 

summer schools. Diploma of graduation 
I from accredited higher institution within 

i the State. 



i^outh Dakota. (See page 86.) 
TENNESSEE. 

(Public School Laws of Tenn., pp. (i, 21. Memorandum of state supt . of public instruction.] 



None. 



.do. 



No examination requii-ed . 



-do. 



County superiu- i County superin- ' E.vainination in subjects required for pri- 
tendent. tendent. j mary certificate and, in addition, in ele- 

j ments of algebra, plane geometry, book- 
I keeping, rhetoric, civil government, 
I physics, geology of Tennessee, and agri- 
1 culture. If general average is 85 per cent 
• or above, certificate is called first grade; 
i if general average is from 85 per cent to 70 
per cent, certificate is called second grade. 
Holder of degree of licentiate of instruction 
from Peabody Normal College is en- 
titled to a secondary certificate in any 
county in the State." 

.do Holder of "state secondary certificate." 

This certificate is issued upon examina- 
tion. The questions are prepared in the 
state office and the papers are graded by 
the state institute instructors. The 
holder is entitled to a secondary certifi- 
cate in any county in the State. Its du- 
I ration is 5 years, renewable for 5 years 
I upon 15 days institute attendance. a 

<lo I Holder of a state primary certificate, which 

[ i is obtained in same manner as and has 

I ' corresponding validity to the "state sec- 

I ' ondary certificate." Its duration Is 1 

i year, renewable upon 15 days' attendance 
I upon state institute.o 
County superin- County superin- | Examination in spelling, reading, arithme- 
tendent. tendent. ' tie, grammar, geography, state history, 

j and American history. Minimum av^er- 

I age 85 per cent, called third-grade certifi- 
I i cate. 

I 



a A valid certificate can be issued only by a county superintendent. The state superintendent has 
iutliority only "to prescribe the mode of examining and licensing teachers, and their necessary qualiflca- 
fion.<!." 



86 



r K.\< • II KHS ( 'EiriMl'MCATES. 



A. — Tabic shoiring the priiicrpdl fi-al urcn of Iraclitr." 
SOUTH DAKOTA. 
[School Laws of S. Dak., 1909, pp. 4-5, 15-17, 64-66, 81.] 



Nmiiu' oI cprliflcatc. 



LUe diploma: 
TTpoa examina- 
tion. 



Issued bv — 



Valid in- 



Territory. Schools. 



State superintend- | State ' Any. 

ent. i ' 



Dui'atiou. ! llcncwal. 



Upon diplomn. 



.do. 



.do. 



State certificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Upon diploma. do. 



.do i do I 5 years 



.do. 



.do. 



Regents' certificate . 



First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Second-grade cer- 
tifieate. 



Third-grade certifi- do. 

cate. ' 

Primary crerlificatc. ; do. 



Regents of educa- 
cation. 



State superintend- do. 

ent. 



Special temporary 
certificate (first, 
second, or third 
grade). 



County superin- 
tendent. 



Elementary grades 
do 



County 
(may be 
indorsed 
in other 
counties) 

District 
specified. 

County, in 
cities and 
towns 
only 
(may be 
indorse d 
in other 
counties) 

District 
specified. 



.do. 



Kindergarten, 
first and second 
grades. 



Element 
schools. 



2 years . 

3 years . 

2 years . 
1 year.. 



5 years . 



Until next 
regular ex- 
amination . 



Successful e.x- 
perienceand 
full attend- 
ance county 
i n s t i t u te 
during cur- 
rent year. 



.do 



Not deter- 
mined. 



Same as state 
certificate. 



Nonrenewable 



.do. 



Same as state 
certificate. 



Nonrenewable 



STATE LAWS AKD KEGUI.ATIUNS. 



87 



certificates in tlif various States — Continued. 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 

[School Laws of S. Dak., 19C9, pp. 4-5, 15-17, 64-00, 81. | 



Experience Questions 

required. prepared by — 



40 montlis. 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Srholarsliip recniirenicnls 



24 niontlis. 



18 montiis. 



None 

do.... 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



State superintend- State superintend- j Proficiency in reading, orthograpiiy, pen- 
ent. ent. ; mansliip, aritlimetic, geography, gram- 

mar, composition. United States history, 
Soutli Dakota history, civics, physiology 
and hygiene, and examination in physi- 
cal geograpliy, pliysics, algebra, geome- 
try, general history, English language 
arid rhetoric, English and American lit- 
erature, either economics or sociology, 
and any two of botany, zoology, physi- 
ology, "physics, chemistry. Latin, Ger- 
man, geology and mineralogy, astronomy, 
algebra, and trigonometry, all of the col- 
lege grade; and pedagogy, including prin- 
ciples, methods, management, psychol- 
ogy, and history of education. 

No e.\amination required 1 Graduation from an approved college or 

] university, with a course of pedagogical 

studies and pedagogical training compris- 
ing at least one-fointh work during at 
least 18 months or graduation from an 
approved normal school, having at least 
I a 2-year couise abo\e a -t-year liigh-school 

course. " 

State superintend- State superintend- Proficiency in orthography, reading, pen- 
ent. ' ent. I manship, arithmetic, geography, English 

I I grammar, physiology and hygiene. Unit- 

ed States history, including South Da- 
kota history, and examination in civil 
1 government, American literature, draw- 

ing, algebra, plane geometry, physical 
geography, physics or botany, general 
nistory, pedagogy, and English language, 
composition, and rhetoric. 
Graduation from approved normal school 
giving 1 year's work above 4-year high- 
I school course; applicant must have had 

[ at least one-fourth work during at least 

j 18 months in pedagogy and professional 
) training. 

do i Twenty-two week's attendance at a state 

: normal school and an examination in sub- 

j jects prescribed by regents. 
State superintend- E.xamination in "orthography, reading, 
ent. I writing, arithmetic, geography, physical 

' geography, English granunar, physiology 
and hygiene, history of United States, 
civil government, current events, Ameri- 
can literature. South Dakota history, 
drawing, and didactics. 

do ' Examination in orthography, reading, 

i writing, arithmetic, physiology and hy- 
i giene, geography, English gi-aiiimar, his- 
tory of United "States, civil government, 
South Dakota history, didactics, and 
drawing, 

. do I do Issued in discretion of state superintendent 

to those unable to pass second-grade ex- 
amination. 
Examination in reading, writing, orthogra- 
phy, arithmetic, physiology and hygiene, 
with special reference to elTects of alco- 
holic drinks, etc., geography, English 
g-ammar. United States history. South 
Dakota history, drawing, didactics, and 
kindergarten a"nd primary methods. 



No examination required . 



State superintend 
ent. 



.do 



.do. 



County superin- 
tendent. 



County superin- ] Examination in branches required for sucL 
tendent. certificates on regular examination. 



88 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table shcnving the principal feahtres of teachers' 
SOUTH DAKOTA— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 



Local certificate 
(cities of first 
class). o 

iSpecial certificate 
in special sub- 
.iects.6 



Valid in— 



Issued l)v- 



Examining com- 
mittee (superin- 
tendent and 2 
others). 

do 



Territory. 



Schools. 



Renewal. 



As determined by local board and examining committee. 



.do. 



Tennessee. (See page 85.) 
TEXAS. 

[School Laws of Tex., 1909. Sees. 83-107, pp. 34-44.] 



Permanent state 


State superintend- 
ent. 

President of uni- 
versity and dean 
of department of 
education. 

State boardiof edu- 
cation. 

Board of regents... 

President of uni- 
versity and 
dean of depart- 
ment of edncar 
tion. 

State board 

do 

State superintend- 
ent. 

do 

do 

do.... 


State 

do 

do 


Any 


Life, during 
good be- 
havior. 

do .. 




certificate. 


do. . 




teachers'diploma. 


do 


do 




ploma. 

College of Indus- 
trial Arts di- 
ploma. 

University of Texas 
teachers' certifi- 
cate. 

Texas State Nor- 
mal School certifi- 
cates: 
First grade 

Second-grade... 

First-grade state 
certificate. 

Kindergarten cer- 
tificate. 

Permanent kinder- 


do 


do 


years, or 
life (see 
last col- 
umn). 

2 years 

b years 


See scholar- 
ship require- 
ments. 

Same as for 
first-grade 
certificate. 

... .do 


do 


do 


. ..do .. . 


.. ..do 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


do 

do 

Kindergarten 

do 


3 years 

2 years 

4 years 

Life 


do 

do 

2 years upon 1 
satisfactory | 
evidence. ; 

; 


garten certificate. 

Permanent p r i - 
mary certificate. 


Primary 


do 




• 






• 1 

I 



a The superintcudf ul in all olhor independent districts must indorse certificate of county superintendent 
in order to make it valid in such district. He may require such additional examination as he desires. 

tAll certificates in special siibjfds, music, drawing, penmanship, bookkeeping, foreign languages, 
kindergarien, etc., are issued by local examiners. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 
certificates in the various States — Continued . 

SOUTH DAKOTA— Continued. 



89 



\ 



[ i 

Experience Questions 
required. i prepared by 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Seliolarship requirements. 


! ■ 


Examining com- 
mittee. 

... .do 


Examining com- 
mittee. 

.do 


As determined by local board and examin- 
ing committee. 


i 


, 









Tennessee. (See page 84.) 

TEXAS. 

[School Laws of Tex., 1909. Sees. 83-107, pp. 34-44.] 



None, or 3 years in 
State (see last 
colimin). 



None. 



No examination required . 



.do 



.do. 



.do . 



Holder of bachelor'.s degree from inslitu- 
tion "of first cla.ss" " who has completed 
four full courses in education and peda- 
gogy.'' Those who can not meet the last 
condition may present in lieu thereof 3 
years' successful experience in Texa.s. 

Applicant must satisfy requirements for 
li. A. and complete four full course.s in 
department of education. 

A diploma from a Texas state normal 
school , or from the Peabod y Normal School 
at Nashville, Tenn., shall rank as a per- 
manent state certificate. 

Regular course for graduation and in ad- 
dition course in pedagogy. Diploma so 
issued has force of first-grade state certifi- 
cate: it may be given force of permanent 
state certificate by indorsement of state 
superintendent after 3 years' successful 
experience after graduation. 

Completion of 4 full courses in college of 
arts and one full course in department of 
education. 



do do Completion of li years' work in a Texas 

state normal .school. 

do do Completion of 1 year's work in a Texa-s 

state normal school. 

do do Completion 4 full academic courses and 1 

full course in education and pedagogy in 
any inslitiUion ranked as first class" by 
the state superintendent upon the recom- 
j mendation of the state board of exam- 
iners. 
State superintend- i State board of ex- Examination equivalent to flrsl-grade Cer- 
ent. ' aininers. tificate, and, in addition, tlx^ory and 
j I practice of occupations, theory and prac- 
I j liceof gifts. mother play, programme, and 
])sycho!ogy.c 
Holder of diploma or certificate of gradua- 
tion from approved school which has 
been given tlie force of a certificate. c 
Written indorsement of school officers. 
State superintend- j State board of ex- Holder of a first or second grade certificate 
ent. I aminers or sum- with minimum average of S.t per cent; 
mer normal must make minimum average of 85 per 
board of exam- cent in additional subjects— psychology, 
iners. history of education, and English and 
American literature. iSSfl 

c School trustees are authorized to employ as kindergarten teachers holders of diplomas of graduation 
from state institutions which certify to the completion, in addition to the regular course, of a 2-year course 
in kindergarten training, and also holders of diplomas of graduation from other schools giving equiva- 
lent instruction that have been placed by the state superintendent upon the approved list of kinder- 
garten training schools. No indorsement of diplomas or issuance of certificates required. Valid for 4 
years: renewable for 4 vears. 



3 years under di- 
ploma or certifi- 
cate. 

None 



No examination required. 



90 



IKACIIERS ('i:itriFi("ATES. 



\.- Table shoving the pr'mri jkiI fenl nirK of teachers' 
TEXAS- Continued. 



Niimi- olCcrlificnli'. 




Valid in— 


Duration. 


Heiie\v;il. 


l.^^ucd !>>■-- 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Permanenl certifi- 


Coimty siiperiu- 
teniient or state 


County or 
state. Pa- 


Any 


Good behar 




cate. 




vior. Void 






siirienntendent. 


pers may 
be f r- 
warded to 
state 
board 
of exam- 
i n e r s . 
They rec- 
m iu end 
i s s u anee 
of same 
grade of 
certificate 
if papers 
are satis- 
factory. 




if holder 
withdraws 
from school 
work for 3 
years. 




Firstrgrade certifi- 
eate. 


do 


do." 


do 


4 years and 
e years (see 


Original pe- 
riod provided 












' 


last col- 


holder has at- 






i 
1 


umn). 


tended coun- 
ty institute 
each year 
and summer 
normal insti- 
tute each al- 
ternate year, 
has averaged 


















above 75 per 






: 




per cent, and 










has taught 










each year. 


First-grade certifi- 


State superintend- 


State 


do 


2 years 


(") 


cate. 


ent. 










Second-grarle certi- 


County siiperin- 


Same a s 


do 


3 years and 


Same as for 


ficate. 


tendetit. 


for perma- 
nent cer- 
tificate. 




.5 years (see 
last c 1- 
umn). 


first grade. 


Third-grade certi- 


do 


County 


do 


1 year 


1 year; leach- 


ficate. 










ing during 
year; at- 
tendance 










city or coun- 










ty institute, 
o" days, and 




















summer nor- 












mal 20 days. 


City certificates: 












Pennanent(high 
school, 6rst- 


City board of ex- 
aminers. 


City 


As board of trus- 


During good 
behavior. 


Varies 




tees desires. 




grade, prima- 












ry). 












Temporary (high 
school, first- 


do 


do 


do 


Not more 


As determined 








than 4 


by board of 


grade, .secon<l- 








years. 


trustees 


grade). 










based upon 
reading, a t- 










tendance 










upon city in- 










stitutes, or 










other means 










of profession- 










al growth. 



6 For 2 years; teaching each year, attending city or county institute 5 days each year and summer 
nonnal school not le.ss than 2i1 days each alternate year. 



STATE LAWS AND KECJU LATiONS. 



91 



certificates in the various States — (.'ontinued. 

TEXAS— Continued . 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


ined by— 


Scholarship leiiulreiiienls. 


3 years in Texas.. . 


State superintend- 


(1) County board 


Examination in subjects required for a first- 




ent. 


of examiners, (2) 


grade certificate and, in addition, history 






state board of 


of education, psychology, Pinglish and 






examiners, o r 


American literature, chemistry, solid 






(3) summer nor- 


geometry, plane trigonometry, "and ele- 






mal board of 


mentary double-entry bookkeeping, with 






examiners. 


minimum average of 8.j per cent and 
grade of .'lO per cent. 


None 


do 


do 


Examination in .subjects required lor sec- 
ond-grade certificate and in addition 
physics, algebra, geometry, and general 
history, with minimum average of 75 per 
cent and grade of 50 per cent. If per- 
centages are 85 per cent and .50 per cent, 
respectively, certificate may be for (i 
years. 


do 


No exaniinalion re 


[juired 


Completion of 4 full acadejnic courses and 
1 full course in education and pedagogy in 














a college or university of fiisl class. 


do 


State superintend- 


Same as perma- 


Examinalioii in subjciis re(pi)rc(l fur Ihird- 




ent. 


nent certificate. 


gradc ccrtilicate aii<i in addition (United 
States history, civil government, English 
composition, and physical geography, 
\vith minimum aveiage of 75 per cent and 
grade of ,50 per cent. If jiercentages are 
85 per cent and 50 percent, respectively, 
certicates may be for 5 years. 


do 


.do 


County board of 
examiners. 


Examination in spelling, reading, writing, 
aritlimetic, English granniiar, geography, 












Texas history , elementary physiology and 








hygeine, school management anci the 








niethods of teacliing, and the school law 








of Texas; minimum average of 70 per 








cent and grade of ."io per cent. 


3 years in Texas... 


City board of ex- 


City board of ex- 


Requirements can not be lower than those 




aminers. 


aminers. 


prescribed by law for penuanent state or 
county certificates of corresponding 
grade. 


None 


do 


do 


Same, except omit "permanent." 







^2 



TEAGHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table .shijii'iiKj the pririripal fedlKrea of teachers' 
UTAH. 
[Laws of Utah, 1905, chap. 71; 1907, chap. 42; 1909, chap. 45; circular letter of state superintendent (no date).] 



Name of certificate. 



State professional 
high - school di- 
ploma. 



Issued by- 



Territory. 



Schools. 



State board of edu- State j Any 

cation. I 



Life; lapses 
upon ex- 
piration of 
5 years' 
nonteach- 
ing period. 



Ilenewal. 



State professional j do do. 

grammar diplo- 
ma. 

State grammar cer- i do do. 

(ifirale. 



Eleiiienlarv. 



.do High and elemen- 

I tary schools, 
.do ; Klementarv 



University diplonia.: Cniveisii y 

Normal grammar | School of educa- 
diploma. I tion of Univer- 

sitv of Utah. 



Normal certificates. do | do j Grades orsuljjects 

I j st-ecified. 
Temporary state State board of edu- , do ! High schools 

high-school cer- | cation. I I 

tiflcate. I 



Normal certificate. . i do . 

County grammar | do . 

(certificate. 



.do li lementary . 

.do. 



Elementary, ex- 
cept in cities. 



lo. 



County .iriiiiiiry 

certificate. 
Temporary county , do 

certificate. 



.do. 
-do. 



City certificates: 
1. High school . . 



lioard ofcducalioii Citv. 



2. Grammar do. 

;?. Primary • do. 



.do. 
.do. 



l^riiuary, e.Kcept 

in cities. 
In school specified. 



Higii-school teach- 
ers and princi- 
pals of grade 
schools. 

Fifth to eighth 
grades. 

First to fourth 
grades. 



5 years . 
1 year. . 



2 years . 
do.. 



.do. 



Upon presen- 
tation of 6 
hours of ad- 
d i t i o n a 1 
work from a 
reputable 
institution , 
3 hours of 
which must 
be of college 
grade. 



See state pro- 
fess! on al 
hich- school 
diploma, 
last column. 



Renewed at 
discretion of 
state board 
for 1 year. 

Nonrenewable. 

C) 



Until next Nonrenewalile. 
examina- i 

lion. I 

Varies I Varies 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



a Credits may be based upon properly authenticated work done in an educational institution, upon 
grades received in examinations previously taken, or upon an examination conducted by the state board 
of education. 



STATE LAWS AND KEGULATlONtf. 



9 a 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

UTAH. 

[Laws of Utah, 1905, chap. 71; 1907, chap. 42; 1£09, chap. 45; circiilar letter of state superintendent (no date). 



Experience 
required. 



tiuestions 
prepared by — 



2 years experience 
in State. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarship requirements. 



.do. 



None specified. 
do 



do. 

None... 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Varies. 



.do. 



State board of ed- Graduation from acollegecour.se, including 
u^ation. professional subjectsand creditso iu arith- 

ineiic, L iiilea btaies history, readmg and 
elocution, orthography, Lnglisli gram- 
mar, political and physical geography, 
physiology, algebra, physics, rhetoric, 
drawing, plane and .solidgeometry, bot- 
any, Engli.sh literature, general history. 
civil government, history and science 
of education, and psychology; and 
also in three of following— -chemistry, ge- 
ology, French, German, Latin, Greek, 
trigonometry, geology, biology, and mm- 
erology. Holders of normal diplomas 
from University of Utah are entitled to 
this diploma after 2 years' successful ex- 

j perieuce. 
do I Completion of 4 years of high-school and 1 

! yearof college work and creditso showing 

I satisfactory knowledge of required sub- 
jects named above, except solid geom- 
etry and the three elcctives. 
j Credicso covering -1 years of high-school 

i work, including.'JyearsofEnglish. algebra, 
physics, civil government, botany, and 
phvsical geography; also credits in psy- 
chology and history of education. 



No examination required Complei ion of prescribed courses in scliool 

I I of education of University, 

do ! Discretion of school of education of Uni- 
versity. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Examination not necessarily required. 



No examination required. 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



Stale board of ed- 
ucation. 



.do. 



.do. 



No examination required . 



City board of ex- 
aminers. 



City board of ex- 
aminers. 



1)0. 

Credentials covering a college couise ac- 
cented; examination may be required. 
Also official statement showing he is 
employed in a high school in the state. 

Graduation from a normal training school 
of higli standard. 

Applicant must show that he is pro- 
ficient in pedagogy and qualified to 
teach reading, writing, spelling, English 
grammar. United States history, arith- 
metic, physiology and hygiene, nature 
studies, and drawing. In 1911 and there- 
after all who have not; had :s years' suc- 
cessful experience in the State must have 
had 4 vears' high-school education or its 
equivalent to be eligible to enter the ex- 
amination, and must, in addition, pass a 
successful examination in psychology 
and history of education. 

Same as for "county grammar certificate. 

Applicant must give evidence of his ability 
to nass the regular examination. Appli- 
cation must be indorsed by county su- 
perintendent and district board. 

Varies. 



6 In 1910 without examination to teachers whose examination record for 19r9 was above average of 75 
and grade of 60 per cent, provided school work was indorsed by county superintendent and if 6 units of 
summerschool work is filed. Those not filing summer-school units exempt from reexamination m all 
subjects having grade of SO per cent. 



94 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the pniici pal features of teachers' 
VERMONT. 



I General laws of the State of Vermont relating to public instruction in force August 1, 1907 (chaps. 44 and 
46), pp. 267-271, 275; Acts of 1908, chap. 37.] 



Valid in- 



Niinio of nerlificate. ' l.ssucd bv 



Tenitorv. 



rJnlimited certifi- State superintend- State, 
cate. I ent of educa- I 

tion. 



— Duration. 



Schools. 



Renewal. 



Any Until re- 

' voked. 



Normal .school cer- 
tificate of grad- 
uation: 
Higher course ...I Stale board of ed- 
ucation. 



Lower course I do. 



First-grade certifl- | 
cate: 
fTpon pxatiiina- j State .superintend- 
tion. ' ent of educa- 

tion. 



Without 
tion. 



Second-grade cer- I do. 

tiflcate, upon 
examination. 



Third-grade certifi- 
cate. 



-do. 



Special certificates: \ 

First and second ] do. 

grade. i 



Third grade (in 
higlKschool sub- 
jects, music , 
drawing, physi- 
cal culture, "in- 
dustrial arts 
and sciences). 
Primary and kin- 
dergarten certifi- 
cates. 



.do. 
-do. 



State; may 
be limit- 
ed to a 
particu- 
lar school. 

State 



Town spec- 
ified. 



State. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



Subjects named . 



-do. 



I'ertiiils do 



School specifiecl. 



10 years. 
5 years . . 

do.. 



2 years . 



Primary and .') years, 
kindergarten 
grades. 



Not exceed- 
ing 1 year. 



First grade, 
5 years ; 
second- 
grade, 2 
years. 

Not exceed- 
ing 1 year. 



Not exceed- 
ing 12 
weeks. 



Upon reexam- 
ination only. 
....do . 



Remain.s in 
force during 
employ- 
ment in 
same town. 

If 40 weeks' 
e xperience, 
without ex- 
amination. 

Remains in 
force during j 
employ- 
ment in! 
same town, i 

Once only, un- 
less holder j 
has not 
taught 28 j 
weeks. ' 

Without ex- j 
amination. i 



Not until 
holder has I 
received first | 
or second i 
grade cer- | 
tiflcate. 

Not u u t i 1 I 
holder has [ 
received a i 
ccrtifi cate j 
upon public | 
exaniina- | 
tion. ! 

Nonrenewable. 
Can not be 1 
given a sec- 
ond time to j 
same person j 
until a cer- 
tificate has 
been earned. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



95 



rertificatefs in the rnrimis States — Continued. 

VERMONT. 



(General laws of the State of Vermont relating to public instruction in force .\ugusl 1, 1907 (chaps. 44 and 
46), pp. 267-271, 276; Acts of 1SL8, chap. 37.) 



Experience 
requu-ed. 



500 weeks; maybe 
lessened by pos- 
session of cer- 
tain scholastic 
requirements. 
(See scholarship 
requirements.) 



None.. 
do. 



(Questions 
prepared by— 



Papers exam- 
ined liv 



No examination required . 



.do. 
.do. 



Scliohirsliiji re([iiirfiiieii1s 



(1) o()0 weeks' experience in public schools 
of State; (2) graduation from approved 
college and S years' experience in State; 
(3) graduation from a normal school and 
200 weeks' experience in State and holder 
of one 10-year or two o-year certificates; 
or (4) holder of first-grade certificate for 
10 years, of first and second grade certifi- 
cates for 12 years, or of second and third 
grade cerlificates for 14 years, and 200 
weeks' experience in State. 



(Graduation fruni higher course of a normal 

school, 
riradnation fiotn lower course of a normal 

school. 



None. 



12 weeks . 



.do. 



Indefinite amount. 



;?00 weeks in pri- 
m a r y grades. 
(See scholarship 
requirements.) 



State superintend- Stale sur)erintend- 
ent. I ent. 



State superintend- 1 State superintend- 
ent, i ent. 



No examination required . 



.do. 



Satisfactory oral examination. E,\amiua- 
tion of greater difficulty in subjects re- 
quired for second grade, and in addition 
in psychology, English literature, gen- 
eral history, and algebra. 

(Jraduation from a college approved by 
state superintendent or of a normal 
school in another State. 

Examination in reading, writing, spelling, 
grammar, geography, arithmetic, free- 
hand drawing, history and Constitution 
of Uniled States, pedagogy, elementary 
physiology and hygiene including the 
effects of alcoholicdrinks and narcotics. 

Same as for second-grade certificate. 



Holder of first or second grade certificate or 
teacher of special training, tirade of cer- 
tificate same as grade of previous certifi- 
cate. In case of special training state 
superintendent determines grade. 

Holder of first or second grade certificate in 
another State. 



Graduate of recognized kindergarten train- 
ing school without experience may be 
granted certificate. 



Town or union su- i Town or union su- j Not more than one-third of the terms 
perintendent. > porintendent. i taught m any town in 1 year may be 

taught under permits, provided total 
terms must not exceed five. 



96 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table shoiving fhe j rinrij (.1 featwex. <ij' teachers' 

VIRGINIA. 

[Regulations of the State Board of Education, 1807, in Va. School Laws. ]907,r)p. 122-128, and An;ended 
Regulations, in Va. fechool Laws, session of 1908 pp. S5-b8.] 



Name of certificate. 



Professional certifi- 
cate. 



Collegiate certifi- 
cate. 



Normal training 
school certificate. 



First-grade certifi- 
cate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation (1). 



Without exami- 
nation (2). 



Without exami- 
nation (3). 
Second-grade certi- 
ficate. 



Third-grade certifi- 
cate. 



Special kinder- 
gartcn certificate. 



Special primary 
certificate. 



Valid in- 



Issued by — 



State board of ex- 
aminers; divi- 
sion superin- 
tendent in- 
dorses. 



Territory. 



Schools. 



State. 



Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



do. 

do. 

do. 
do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



....do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Any, when no 
teachers holding 
first or second 
grade certifi- 
cates are avail- 
able. 



Kindergarten . 



First 4 grades. 



Duration. 



7 years. 



10 years. 



G years . 



6 yeare . 



.do. 



4 years . 

2 years . 
do. 



..do. 



Seven years, 
provided 
teacher has 
bee 1 suc- 
cessful and 
read i n g 
course has 
bee 1 com- 
pleted. 



.do. 



3 years; other- 
wise same as 
above. 



2 years; 3 years' 
s u c c e ssful 
e X pcrience, 
completion 
of prescribed 
reading 



Indefinitely so 
long as read- 
in.c; course is 
pursued. 

Same as first 
grade on ex- 
amination. 

Nonrenewable. 

1 year; 1 year's 
"s u c c e ssful 
experience 
and comple- 
tion p r e- 
seribed lead- 
ing cpurs?. 

Nonrenewable. 



Original peri- 
od, success- 
ful teaching, 
and comple- 
tion of read- 
ing course. 



.do. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



97 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

VIRGINIA. 

[Regulations of the State Board ot Education, 1907, in Va. School Laws, 1907, pp. 122-128, and Amended 
Regulations, in Va. School Laws, session of 1908, pp. 35-38.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by — 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarsliip requiremenls. 



Indefinite (see last 
column).- 



State board of ex- 
aminers when 
examination is 
required. 



State board of ex- 
aminers when 
examination is 
required. 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



1 year under spe- 
cial normal train- 
ing school certifi- 
cate. 



9 months . 



.do. 



.do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



6 years' successful 
experience im- 
mediately prior 
to July, 1907. 

9 months under 
second grade. 



None . . 
....do. 



.do. 



State board of ^ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



See scholarship re- 
quirements. 



.do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers (when 
examination is 
required). 



.do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers (when 
examination is 
required). 



.do. 



(1) Diploma of graduation from normal 
course of state university, state normal, 
and other specified institutions; or (2) 
holder of first-grade certificate who has 
passed satisfactorj' tests in professional 
course of study prescribed by state board 
of examiners after its completion; or (3) 
holder of first-grade or high-school certifi- 
cate who has attended simuner scliools of 
University of Virginia or another of equal 
rank for two sessions of six weeks each and 
has made a grade of 75 per cent on both 
class work and exammation in six courses 
in at least 4 different subjects other than 
those contained in requirements for first- 
grade certificate. Examination may be 
required. 

Diploma of graduation equivalent to B. A. 
degree from any college or university of 
approved standmg, including the State 
Female Normal School. 

Holder of sjiecial nomial training school 
certificate (which see) based on comple- 
tion of normal training department in a 
public high school. 



Examination in subjects reqiiired for a sec- 
ond-grade certificate and in algebra 
(through quadratics), one branch of 
science (either physical geography, phys- 
ics, or agriculture), and one division of 
history (either general or English), with a 
minmiiun average of 85 per cent and 
grade of 70 per cent. 

Holder of first-grade certificate for 6 years 
immediately prior to July, 1907, and 
recommendation of division superin- 
tendent. 

Holder of examination credits required for 
first grade, but who was given second- 
grade certificate because of lack of expe- 
rience. 

Completion of certificate course at state 
normal school. 

Examination in subjects required for third- 
grade certificate "and in drawing and 
theory and practice of teaching, with 
mmunmu average of 7.5 ' per cent and 
grade of liO per cent. 



Examination in orthography (including 
punctuation), reading, writing, arith- 
metic (including business forms), gram- 
mar, geography. United States history, 
history of Virginia, civil government 
(including Virginia), and physiology and 
hygiene, with a minimum average of 65 
per cent and grade of 50 per cent. 

(1) E.xamination in subjects required for a 
first-grade certificate or evidence tha,t 
applicant is proficient therem and en- 
gaged in kindergarten work; or (2) grad- 
uation from kindergarten department of 
state normal school or other recognized 
kindergarten training school. 

(1) Examination in subjects required for a 
first-grade certificate and evidence of 
special training for primary work; or 
(2) graduation from approved Institution, 
with training in primary methods. 



63200—10- 



98 



teachers' certificates. 

A. — Table showing the priyiri pal features of teachers' 
VIRGINIA— Continued . 



Name oi fei'tificaVe. 


Issued by- 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Special depart- 
mental certificate. 

Other special cer- 


State board of ex- 
aminers, divi- 
sion superin- 
tendent in- 
dorses. 

do 

do 


State 

do 


Subjects specified . 
do 


7 years 

do 


Original peri- 
od, success- 
ful teaching, 
and comple- 
tion of read- 
ing course. 
do.. . 


tificates. 
Special normal 


do.... 




1 year 

.....do 

do 

Until a li- 
ce n se d 
teacher 
can be se- 
cured. 


See normal 
training 
school cer- 
tificate. 

May be ex- 
tended." 

Nonrenewable. 

do 


training school 
certificate. 

High-school certifi- 


do 


do.. 


do 


cate. 
Provisional certifi- 
cate. 

Emergency certifi- 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 


State 

Special sch 
otherwise 


Primary and gram- 
mar grades. 

jol that can not 


cate. 




secure a teacher. 





I 



WASHINGTON. 

[Code of Public Instruction, 1909, pp. 84-91; Session Laws, 1909, Chap. 97.] 



Life certificate. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



Permanent certifi- 
cates: 
(a) Professional... do. 



(6) First-grade | do. 



State regis- Any. 
tration in 
county 
required. 



(c) F i r s t-grade, do. 

primary. 



Professional certifi- 
cate. 



-do. 



University life di- 
ploma. 



Regents upon rec- 
ommendation of 
faculty. 

....do 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



State. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Primary gi-ades . 



Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



University normal 
diploma. 

State college life di- 
ploma. 

State college nor- 
mal diploma. 

Normal-school Ufe 
diploma. 

o May be extended provided holder pursues professional course of study and passes examination in three 
subjects thereof each year. 



Normal school ; do. 



.do. 



Life. 



.do. 
.do. 
.do. 



5 years I (a) 1 year's at- 

tendance 
higher insti- 
tution com- 
pleting 3 sub- 
jects; (b) 
24 months' 
teaching. 
Any renewal 
may be re- 
newed. 



Life. 



5 years . 
Life.... 



5 years . 
Life.... 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



99 



cerlijlcates in the various States — Continued. 

VIRGINIA— Continued . 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scholarship requirements. 


See scholarship re- 
quirements. 

do 


State board of ex- 
aminers (when 
examination is 
required). 

do 


State board of ex- 
aminers (when 
examination is 
required). 

do 


Examination in subjects required for a 
first-grade certificate and evidence of 
sufficient special study. 

Examination in subjects for first-grade 
certificate, except in cases of music and 
drawing, and evidence of proficiency in 
subject for which certificate is desired. 

Graduation from first-year public high 
school in normal training course which 
has been approved by state board of ex- 
aminers. 

Graduation from 4-year public high school 
approved by state board of examiners. 

Holder of a regular certificate; attendance 
at a summer school. (For those teachers 
who wish to divide the examination for 
a first-grade certificate.) 

Recommendation of a division superin- 
tendent. 


None... 


No examination re 
do 


juired 


do 




One year on a 
regular certifl- 

None 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 

No examination re< 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 

juired . . . 







WASHINGTON. 

[Code of Public Instruction, 1909, pp. 84-91; Session Laws, 1909, Chap. 97. 



45 months; 27 
months in State. 

72 months; 36 in 

State. 

do 


state board of ed- 
ucation. 

... .do 


State 


Credits required for professional certificates 
[25 branches] and examination in psy- 
chology, history of education, bookkeep- 
ing, composition, general history. Other 
subjects may be substituted. 

Holder of profe.ssional certificate for at least 
18 months. Indorsement of county su- 
perintendent. 

Holder of first-grade certificate for at least 
18 months. Indorsement of county su- 
perintendent. 

Holder of first-grade primary certificate for 
at least 18 months. Indorsement of 
county superintendent. 

All requirements of a first-grade certificate 
[20 branches], also examination in plane 
geometry, geology, botany, zoology, civil 
government. Other subjects may be 
substituted in lieu of any or all of these 
by state board upon request of applicant. 

12 semester hours in department of educa- 
tion and graduation. 

Do 


... .do.. 


do 


... .do.. 


do 


do 


do 


24 months; 8 in 

State. 

24 months 


do 


do 






None 






24 months 






Do. 


None 






Do. 


3 years 






Completion of advanced course in a state 
normal school. 


S^ 







100 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers^ 
WASHINGTON— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 



Issued by — 



Valid in- 



Territory. 



Schools. 



Duration. 



Renewal. 



Normal-school di- 
ploma. 



Secondary normal- 
school certificate. 

Elementary normal- 
school certificate. 

First-grade certifi- 
cate. 



First-grade prima- 
ry certificate. 



Second-grade com- 
mon-school cer- 
tificate. 



Normal school... 



.do. 



State 



Any. 



5 years . 



.do. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Third-grade com- 
mon-school cer- 
tificate. 



City certificates: 
High school . . . 



.do. 



.do. 



Grammar school. 



Board of directors. 



.do. 



City. 



Primary i do . 



.do. 



Special certificate.. 



Temporary certifi- 
cate. 



County or city su- 
perintendent. 



County or 
city. 



-do. 



-do 3 years. 



Elementary. 
Any 



2 years . 
5 years . 



Primary . 



Any. 



.do. 



Any. 



Grammar or pri- 
mary school as 
teacher; pri- 
mary school as 
principal. 



Primary school as 

teacher. 
Special subjects . . . 



No information . . . 



.do. 



2 years . 



1 year. 



1 year. 



.do. 



.do. 



Indefinite — 
so long as 
holder 
teaches. 

End of cur- 
rent school 
year. 



Nonrenewable 



.do. 



Same as pro- 
fessional. 



.do. 



(a) Semester's 
a t tendance 
higher insti- 
tution, or 1 
summer ses- 
sion 6 weeks; 
s a t i s f a c- 
tory stand- 
ing in 3 sub- 
jects; (b) 16 
months' suc- 
cessful teach- 
ing. 

1 year's attend- 
ance higher 
institut i o n 
secures sec- 
ond-g r a d e 
certificate. 

Fixed by reg- 
ulations of 
board of di- 
rectors. 



-do. 



.do. 



Another can 
not be is- 
for period of 
3 years. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



101 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

WASHINGTON— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by- 



Scholarship requirements. 



None. 



.do. 



...do... 

I months. 



State board. 



State board . 



45 months in pri- 
mary grades. 



.do. 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



-do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Fixed bv regula- 
tions of board of 
directors. 



.do. 



Board of exami- 
ners. 



.do. 



Board of exami- 
ners. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



None. 



.do. 



County or city su- 
perintendent. 



.do. 



County or city su- 
perintendent. 



.do. 



Completion of advanced course in a state 
normal school and demonstrated ability 
to teach and govern bj' successful practice 
in training department of 18 weeks. 

Completion of secondary course and prac- 
tice teaching as required for normal-school 
diploma. 

Completion of elementary course in a state 
normal school. 

Must pass the examination in all subjects 
required for a second-grade certificate, 
and in algebra, physics, literature, and 
physical geography. State board may 
substitute other subjects. 

Credits in subjects for second-grade certifi 
eate and examination in nature study, 
drawing, literature, and physical geogra- 
phy. Substitutes for two allowed. 

Credits in subjects for third-grade certifi- 
cates and examination in music. May be 
granted once to teachers from other States 
with ten years' successful experience; ex- 
amination in state manual only required. 



Examination in reading, grammar, pen- 
manship, and punctuation, United States 
liistory, geography, arithmetic, physiol- 
ogy and hygeine, theory and art of teach- 
ing, orthography, and Washington State 
manual. 

Must pass examination reqmred for gram- 
mar certificates and, in addition, in civil 
government, physical geography, ele- 
mentary physics, algebra, botany, and 
such other subjects as board of directors 
mav determine. 

Applicant must have been found "upon 
examination to have a practical knowl- 
edge of pedagogics, school management, 
and the general school system of the State 
of Washington, and to be proficient in 
and qualified to teach the following 
branches: Reading, writing, spelling, 
English grammer, geography, arithmetic, 
physiology and hygiene, United States 
history, and such other English branches 
as board of directors may prescribe." 

Same as for city grammar school certificate. 

Must sliow " by examination or otherwise 
satisfactory evidence of fitness to teach 
special subjects." No limitation placed 
upon subjects for whicli certificates may 
be granted. 

Must show evidence of fitness to teach by 
successful experience, by accredited 
papers, or a valid certificate or diploma 
from some other State or Territory, or 
by special written examination. 



102 



TEACHEES CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Table shoiving the principal features of teachers' 
WEST VIRGINIA. 

[Rev. School Laws of W. Va!, 1908, pp. 41-4G, 56-59; Acts of W. Va., 1909, pp. 350-352. Handbook relating 
to examination for teachers' certificates, Department of free schools, W. Va., 1910.] 



Name of certificate. 



First-clSss state 
professional cer- 
tificate. 



Second-class state 
I)rofessional cer- 
tificate: 
Upon exam- 
ination. 



Wjithout exam- 
mation. 



Graduates' certi- 
ficate. 



High-school teach- 
ers' certificate. 

Primary teachers' 
certificate. 



First-grade graded 
school certificate. 



Second-grade 
graded school cer- 
tificate. 

Third-grade graded 
school certificate. 



Issued by- 



State board of ed- 
ucation. 



.do. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 
.do. 



-do. 



.do. 
-do. 



Valid in — 



Territory. 



State. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



Schools. 



Any. 



.do. 



.do. 



Any. 



do 

Primary grades. 



In rural and graded 
schools; and in 
high schools, if 
local authorities 
agree. 



-do. 
.do. 



Dvuation. 



12 years . 



6 years . 



.do. 



.do. 



5 years . 
do.. 



3 j^ears. 
1 year. . 



Renewal. 



Like period, if 
holder has 
taught 8 
years under 
original. 



May be re- 
newed i f 
holder is not 
eligible for a 
firs t-class 
state profes- 
sional cer- 
tificate. 



-do. 



Renewable for 
5 years. 



5 years, if 
taught 1 
year. 

Same as first- 
grade uni- 
form certifi- 
cate. 



Once for like 
period if 
holder has 
taught 1 
year there- 
on, or has 
served as 
county su- 
perintend- 
ent while 
c e r t i fl cate 
was in force. 

Renewable 
upon exam- 
ination. 
do 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



103 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

[Rev. School Laws of W. Va., 1908, pp. 41-4G, 50-59; Acts of \V. Va., 1909, pp. 350-352. Handbook relating 
to examination for teachers' certificates, Department of free schools, ^v . Va., 1910.] 



Experience 
required. 



4 years under sec- 
ond-class state 
professional. 



3 years . 



3 years under first- 
grade uniform 
c e r t i f icates, 1 
year immedi- 
ately preced- 
ing. 

None 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



No examination required . 



.do. 



Scholarship requirements. 



.do. 



State board of ed- State board of ed- Holder of first-grade uniform certificate or 
ucation. ucation. equivalent. Examination in educational 

psychology and method; history of edu- 
cation and school management; rhetoric 
and composition; English and American 
literature; algebra; and in five of follow- 
ing to be chosen by the applicant: Amer- 
ican history and civics; linglish, ancient, 
and mediaeval history; Latin, through 
Virgil; Greek, through Xenophon; Ger- 
man, 2 years; French, 2 years; plane 
geometry; solid geometry: trigonoitietry; 
physics; chemistry; physical geography; 
botany; agriculture; zoology; physiology; 
and elementary geology. Minimum av- 
erage, 85 per cent; minimum grade, 65 
per cent. 

.do Graduation from state university or state 

normal school and its branches or other 
school whose grade of work is considered 
equal in all respects to the work of the 
state normal school. 

No examination required Graduation from West Virgmia University, 

•including si.x courses in education: from 
normal department of state normal 
school and its branches: from normal de- 
partment of any other school in State 
which in the judgment of tlie state board 
of education is equivalent in amount, 
kind, and quantity lo tliatof thestatenor- 
mal school; or from normal department 
of the West Virginia Colored Institute. 
State board of ed- Same as for second-class stale professional 
ucation. certificate. 



State board of ed 
ucation. 



2 years under first 
"or second grade 
uniform certifi- 
cate. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 
.do. 



.do. 



State superintend- 
ent. 



.do. 
.do. 



Examination in elementary Uterature, 
child study, and school management, 
school hygiene and sanitation, primary 
reading, ' number work, nature study, 
and in two of following subjects: History 
for children, story-telling, drawing, and 
music. "This certificate is designed for 
those who have made special preparation 
for primary work." Minimum average, 
85 per cent"; minimum grade, 65 per cent. 

Same as for first-grade elementary certifi- 
cate, and examination in general liistory 
and single-entry bookkeeping. 



Same as for second-grade elementary certifi- 
cate; and examination in general' history 
and single-entry bookkeeping. 

Same as for third-grade elementary certifi- 
cate; and examination in general history 
and single-entry bookkeeping. 



104 



TEACHEKS CERTIFICATES. 



A. — Tabic showing the principal features of teachers^ 
WEST VIRGINIA— Continued. 



Nanieof ceTtificate. 


Issued by- 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


First-grade elemen- 
tary school cer- 
tlflcate. 

Second-grade ele- 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


State 

do.. 


In 1-room schools 
and in graded 
schools up to 
and Including 
the room in 
which the third 
reader is taught. 

do 


5 years 

3 years 

1 year 


Same as first- 
grade graded 
school cer- 
tificate. 

Nonrenewable. 

Not more than 
twice to 
same person 
in 2 years. 


mentary school 
certificate. 
Third-grade e 1 e - 


do 


. .do 


do 


mentary school 
certificate. 

Kindergarten cer- 








tificate, o 






• 







WISCONSIN. 

[Laws of Wis., relating to common schools, 1909, pp. 71-90, 106, 161, 198-199.] 



Unlimited state 
certificate: 
Upon examina- 


State superintend- 
ent. 


State 


Any 


Life 




tion. 








Without exami- 


do 


do 


do 


do 




nation. 










Limited state cer- 
tificate: 
Upon examina- 


do 


do 


do 


5 years 




tion. 








Without exami- 


do 


do 


Any, except as 
principal of 4- 
year high school. 


do 


do 


nation. 






University, college, 
and normal- 
school graduate's 
license. 


do 


do 


do 


1 year; 2 
years if 
from insti- 
tution out- 
side State. 


See unlimited 
and limited 
c e rtificates 
without ex- 
amination. 


Unlimited special 


do 


do 


Subjects specified. 


Life 




certificate. 






Special certificate . . 
Unlunited state 


do 

do 


District 
specified. 

State 


One subject, as 
specified. 

ICmdergarten or 
first three grades. 


Varies 

Life 


Not more than 
1 year upon 
lecommen- 
d a t i n of 
state board. 


kindergarten cer- 
tificate. 







a " No person may lie employed as a teacher in a regularly established kindergarlen unless she holds a 
diploma from a kindergarlen college, or, in addilion 1o holding such a certificate as is required of other 
persons employed as leachers in the schools of this Slate, be duly examined in kindergarten methods and 
theories in such manner as the board of education whicli establishes said kindergarten may prescribe." 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



105 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

WEST VIRGINIA— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by- 


Papers exam- 
ined by- 


Scliolarsliip requirements. 




State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


State superintend- 
ent. 

.. ..do 


Examination La orthography, reading, pen- 


do 


manship, arithmetic, English grammar 
and language, physiology and hygiene, 
United States history, state history, geog- 
raphy, civil government, agriculture, and 
theory and art of teaching. Minimum 
average, 90 per cent; minimum grade, 75 
per cent. 
Same as for first-grade elementary certifi- 


do . ... 


.do 


do 


cate, except minimiun standings, 80 per 
cent and 68 per cent. 
Same as for first-grade elementary certifi- 








cate, except minimmn standings, 70 per 
cent and GO per cent. 











WISCONSIN. 

[Laws of Wis., relating to common schools, 1909, pp. 71-90, 106, 161, 198-199.] 



24 months 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 


E.xamination in subjects required for a 


1 year after grad- 
uation; 2 years, 
if from institu- 
tion outside 

State. 

12 months 


limited certificate, and in addition in 
botany, political economy, history of 
education, zoology, chemistry, or 
astronomy. Latin may be substituted 
for English literature. 
Holder of Wisconsin Universitj^ ot normal 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 


Stale Doard of ex- 
aminers. 


school diploma and graduate's license. 
University course must have included 
completion of pedagogical work. 

E.xamination in subjects required for a 


1 year after gradu- 
ation; 2 years, if 
from institution 
outside State. 


first-grade certificate, and in addition in 
mental philosophy, English literature, 
and psychology. 

Holder of normal school elementary certifi- 


No examination re 

State board of ex- 
aminers. 

.do 




cate and a graduate's Ucense. 
Holder of certificate from president of uni- 




State board of ex- 
aminers. 

do 


versity showing completion of pedagog- 
ical course or holder of certificate from 
president of a state normal school show- 
ing completion of full or elementary 
course or from institution giving equiva- 
lent courses located either within or 
without the State. 
Vary to meet conditions under which ap- 




plicant desires to teach. More especially 
for high-school positions and principal- 
ships of state graded schools. 
Vary to meet conditions under which ap- 


1 year after gradu- 
ation; 2 years if 
from institution 

outside State. 


No examination re 


juired 


plicant desires to teach. 
Holder of state kindergarten license issued 




under conditions described below; or 
satisfactorv proof of equal knowledge and 
ability. 



106 



TEACHERS CEETIFICATES. 

A. — Table shotulng the principal features of teachers^ 
WISCONSIN— Continued. 



I 



Name of cenifioate. 


Issued by- 


Valid in— 


Dm-ation. 


Renewal. 










Territory. 


Schools. 






State kindergarten 


State superintend- 


State 


Kindergarten or 


1 year 


See unlimited 


license. 


ent. 




first three grades. 




state kinder- 
garten certif- 
icate. 


Unlimited state 












manual - training 












certificate.^ 












Unlimited state 












domestic - science 













certificate.^ 












State manual- train- 












ing license. fc 












State domestic-sci- 












ence license. ft 












High-school teach- 


State superintend- 


Varies 


Branches specified 


Varies; life 


5-year certifi- 


er's certificate. 


ent. 






or 5 years. 


cate is non- 
renewable. 


Emergency high- 


do 


Locality 


High-school prin- 


1 year 


Not more than 


school principal's 




des i g- 


cipal. 




one year; 


certificate. 


" 


nated. 






upon f ecom- 
m e n dation 
of state 
board. 


Milwaukee h i g h - 
school diploma.^ 


do 


State 


Any 


Life 












Special license 


do 


District 


School specified . . . 


Next meet- 


On recommen- 




specified. 


ing of state 


dation of 










board of 


state board 










examiners. 


of examiners. 


County superin- 
tendents' certifi- 


State superintend- 
ent. 


State 


Elementary 
schools./ 


Until r e - 






voked. 




cate. 












First-grade certifi- 
cate. 


County, district, 
or city superin- 


County, su- 


do/ 


5 years 


One or more 


per i n - 




times if 




tendent. 


tendent's 
district, 
or city; 
can not 
be in- 
dorsed in 
a n ther 
c u nty, 
d i strict, 
or city.*- 


• 




holder has 
taught 10 
years. Coim- 
ter s i g n a - 
ture of a di- 
ploma from 
a free high 
school h eld 
by holder, 
equivalent 
to renewal 
for 5 years. 


Second-grade cer- 


do 


do 


Elementary 


3 years 


Without ex- 


tificate. 






schools. 


amination if 












holder has 












taught 2 












years and 












attended 












professional 












schools 6 












weeks, r e - 












c e i V i n g 












credits in 












two subjects. 



o Same as for unlimited state kindergarten certificates upon completion of a like technical course* 
except 2 years' experience required of graduates of private schools. 

b Same as for state kindergarten license upon completion of a like technical course, e.Kcept granted 
for 2 years to graduates of private schools. 

c This statute was enacted for the purpose of enabling a quick adjustment of an emergency situation. 
It is seldom necessary to resort to its provisions. 



STATE LAWS AND KEGULATIONS. 



107 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

WISCONSIN— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 


Questions 
prepared by — 


Papers exam- 
ined by— 


Scliolarship requirements. 


None 


No examination re 


n[nirfid ... ... 








school or from a private normal school of 
equivalent rank who has completed kin- 
dergarten training course. 












' 














None 


State superintend- 
ent. 

.. do 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


This certificate is issued only for such 
branches as are not covered by local cer- 
tificates, usually for life. 

This certificate is issued to a superintend- 
ent of schools who has been elected prin- 
cipal of the high school in the same sys- 
tem. No requirements are specified. c 

Such examination as to moral character, 


do 


5 years 


do 


... do... 


quirements of 
one kind of cer- 
certificate issued 
by state super- 
intendent. 


No examination re 

State board of ex- 
aminers. 

County, district, 
or city superin- 
tendent. 

do 




learning, and ability to teach as state 
superintendent deems proper and rea- 
sonable. AA'hen diploma is counter- 
signed, it has effect of unlinuted state 
certificate. 
Granted only for urgent reasons. Must 
satisfy state superintendent of possession 
of scholarship requirements for one kind 
of certificate issued by him. 

Examination in subjects required for a 
first-grade certificate and in school law, 
and the organization, management, and 
supervision of district schools. 

Examination in all subjects required for 
second-grade certificate, and, in addition, 
English literature, theory and art of 
teaching, algebra, physics, and English 
history.? 

Examination in subjects required for third- 
grade certificate, and, m addition, phys- 
ical geography, American literature, Eng- 
lish composition, and cataloguing and use 
of school libraries.9 


State board of ex- 
aminers. 

County, district, 
or city superin- 
tendent. 

do... 


do 


do 









d This provision of the law is practicaUy Inoperative. But one iliploma has been countersigned in the 
past seven years. The normal department of the Milwaukee high school was abolished in 1875. 

e Certificates may be issued by a county superintendent upon papers of an examination held in another 
county. Must be of same grade as original certificate and coterminous with it. 

/ Holder may teach in a high school any of the branches covered by the certificate, or may serve as 
principal of a state graded school of the second class, if granted a spcciallicense. 

s Standings in state normal schools and county training schools may be accepted by county superin- 
tendents and other officers in lieu of examination in these subjects. 



108 



TEACHERS CEETIFICATES. 



A. — Tahle showing the principal features of teachers' 
WISCONSIN— Continued. 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by — 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 










Territory. 


Schools. 






Third - grade cer- 


County, district, 


Coimty su- 


Elementary 


1 year 


(1) Without 


tificate. 


or city superin- 


per in- 


schools. 




examina- 




tendent. 


tendent's 
district, 
or city, 
can not 
be 1 n- 
dorsed in 
another 
county, 






tion if holder 
attends pro- 
fessional 
schools 6 
weeks. Not 
more than 
three to one 
person, or 
(2) if satis- 






district, 










or city, o 






factory 
Stan dings 
are secured 
in two of 
a d d i tional 
subjects re- 
quired for 
second- 
grade certif- 
icate. 


Special third-grade 


do 


do 


Elementary 


Not more 


Not more than 


certificate. 






schools. (May 


than 1 


one to same 








be limited to a 


year. 


person. 








particular rural 












school or a de- 












partment there- 






First-grade kinder- 
garten certificate. 


.do 


do 


of.) 
Kindergarten 


4 years; or 1 
year,and 3 


















years after 












6 months' 












teaching. 




Second-grade kin- 


. .do 


do 


. .do 


2 years . . 


do 


dergarten cer- 












tificate. 












Third-grade kin- 
dergarten cer- 


.do 


County, su- 


.do 


1 year or less. 


do 




per In- 






tificate. 


' 


tendent's 
district, 
or city, 
unless 
limited. 
Can not 
be i n- 
dorsed in 
a n ther 
c u nty, 
d i strict, 
or city.o 








County training- 


County traming- 


Same as 


Elementary 


3 years, or 


1-year certifi- 


school certificate. 


school board. 


for first 


schools. 


may be 


cate extend- 






, grade cer- 




limited to 


ed after 8 






tificate .a 


1 year. 


months' ex- 


Special certificate.. 


City superintend- 
ent. 


City 


Branches specified 


1 year 


Nonrenewable. 


Temporary certifi- 
cate.c 























o Certificates may be issued by a county superintendent upon papers of an examination held in another 
county. Must be of same grade as original certificate and coterminous with it. 

b Standings in state normal schools and county training schools maj' be accepted by county superintend- 
ents and other ofiicers in lieu of e.xamination in these subjects. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 



109 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

WISCONSIN— Continued. 



Experience 
required. 



None. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



None for 1-year 
limited certifi- 
cate; 8 months 
for 3-year cer- 
tificate. 

None 



Questions 
prepared by- 



County, district, 
or city superin- 
tendent. 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



City superintend- 
ent. 



County, district, 
or city superin- 
tendent. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



City superintend- 
ent. 



Seliolarshiip requirements. 



Examination in orthoepy, spelling, read- 
ing, permianship, arithmetic, elemen- 
tary composition and grammar, geog- 
raphy, history of United States and 
civil government of the United States 
and of Wisconsin, physiology and 
hygiene with special reference to stimu- 
lants and narcotics, school management, 
manual of elementary course of study 
for common schools of Wisconsin, ele- 
ments of agriculture. Applicant must 
have attended a professional school for 
teachers at least weeks, and also re- 
ceived in such school standings in school 
management and in methods of teach- 
ing reading and language, arithmetic, 
and geography. Standard to be adopted 
by each county superintendent and 
approved by state superintendent — 
must be higher for first than second and 
higher for second than for third grade 
certificates.* 

Issued only when supply of legally quali- 
fied teachers is exhausted, and only to 
as many persons as are required. Same 
examination as for third grade. 



Examination in subjects required for 
second-grade kindergarten certificate and, 
in addition, in history of education as 
related to the development of the kin- 
dergarten and in the elements of zoology. 

Examination in subjects required for 
third-grade kindergarten certificate, and 
in general literature and elements of 
botany. 

Examination in orthoepy, orthography, 
reading, writing, arithmetic, English 
grammar, physiology, and hygiene with 
special reference to childhood, drawing, 
music, juvenile literature, theory and 
art of kindergarten teaching. 



Completion of prescribed course in a 
county training school for teachers. 



Examination provided by city school 
board and approved by state super- 
intendent. 



c Temporary certificates may be issued by county, district, and city superintendents with the consent 
of the state superiptendent. 



110 



TEACHERS CERTIFICATES, 



A. — Table sh:nving the principal features of teachers' 
WYOMING. 

[School Laws, 1909, 122-130. Session Laws 1909, chap. 33.] 



^ 



Valid in- 



Nanie olcci'lificate. Issued by- 



Professional first! 
class certificate: ; 
Upon examina- i State superintend- 
tion. ! ent. 



Without exami- I do. 

nation. 



Territory. 



Professional s e c - 
ond class cer- 
tificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation. 



First class certifi- 
, catc: 

tlpon examina- 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation. 



Second class certifi- 
cate: 
Upon examinar 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation. 
Third class certifi- 
cate : 

Upon examina- 
tion. 



Without exami- 
nation. 
Special pr Im a r y 
certificate. 



Special technical 
certificate: 
Upon examina- 
tion. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



do. 

do. 

do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 

do. 



State. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do, 



.do. 



.do. 



.do. 



Schools. 



Any school; super- | Lite. 

ihtendent o r 

principal of any 

school. 
....do 



Any school: super- 
ihten dent, or 
principal of any 
school having 
not over 2-year 
high-s cho ol 
course. 

do 



.do. 



Any elementary 
school, assist- 
ant in high 
school for sub- 
jects covered in 
examin a t i o n , 
sup erintendent 
or principal of 
schools having 
no high school. 

do 



Elementary 
schools. 



.do. 



.do. 



.do Primary and kin- 
dergarten. 



.do. 



.do. 



4 years . 



.do. 



2 years. 



.do. 



1 year. 



do.. 

4 years. 



Technical subjects do 



Renewal. 



Completion of 
reading -cir- 
c 1 e course; 
not longer 
than tenn of 
certi fi c a t e 
nor more 
than 2 years 
at a time. 

do 



.do. 



.do. 



Nonrenewable 



.do. 



By examina^ 
"tion only. 



.do. 



STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS, 



111 



certificates in the various States — Continued. 

WYOMING. 

[School Laws, 1909, 122-130. Session Laws 1909, chap. 33.] 



Experience 
required. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



Scholarsliip requirements. 



3 years . 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



2 years (see last 
column). 



Holder of a professional second-class cer- 
tificate and an examination in advanced 
psychology and school supervision. 



Gradnafion from University of Wyoming 
with major in psychology and pedagogy 
amounting to one-fifth entire course; or 
examination in professional subjects for 
second-class certificate and 2 years' suc- 
cessful experience. 



2 years . 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



1 year. 



.do. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



None. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



do.. 

4 years . 



None. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



.do. 



Examination in subjects required for first- 
class certificates and 2 additional sub- 
jects elected from following: School man- 
agement, pedagogy, methods, and history 
of education. Minimum average 80 per 
cent, grade (50 per cent. 

Graduation from state normal school or 
from University of Wyoming, or other 
school of equivalent rank, as determined 
by state board of examiners. 



Examination in subjects required forsecond 
grade and, in addition, elementary 
algebra, English and American literature, 
elementary psychology, physical geog- 
raphy, arid two or more of following: 
Plane geometry, botany, zoology, chem- 
istry, general "history," Latin, "German, 
political economy, "bookkeeping, and 
shorthand. Mininiimi average 80 per 
cent, grade CO per cent. 

Graduation from the preparatory school of 
the University of Wyoming "or from a 
4-year high-school course, and 1 year in 
normal course at university. 



Examination in subjects required for third 
class certificate and, in addition, rhetoric 
and composition, and theory and prac- 
tice of teaching. Minimum' average 80 
per cent, grade 00 per cent. 

Same as first class (without examination), 
except 18 weeks in normal course. 



Examination in orthography, reading, 
penmanship, arithmetic, English gram- 
mar, geography. United States history, 
civil government of United States and of 
Wyoming, and physiology and hygiene. 
Minimum average 70 per cent, grade 50 
per cent. 

Same as first class (without examination), 
except no normal course required. 

Two certificates of as high class as second 
grade and an examination in primary and 
kindergarten methods, elementary psy- 
chology, methods, and school manage- 
ment. Minimum average 75 per cent, 
grade 00 per cent. 



.do Examination in special branches applicant 

expects to teach. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



State board of ex- 
aminers. 



112 



TEACHERS CERTIEICATES. 

A. — Table showing the principal features of teachers^ 
WYOMING— Continued . 



Name of certificate. 


Issued by — 


Valid in— 


Duration. 


Renewal. 


Territory. 


Schools. 


Special technical 
certificate— Con. 
Without exami- 
nation. 

Diploma certificate. 


State superintend- 
ent. 

do 


State 

do 


Technical subjects. 
(See last column).. 
Any 


4 years 

(See last col- 
umn.) 

Until next 
exami n a- 
tion (see 
last col- 
umn). 

do . . 


For life to 
graduates 
of technical 
school of 
University 
of Wyoming 
(see last 
column). 

(See last col- 
umn.) 

Renewable 
only under 
excep t i n-. 
able circum- 
stances (see 
last column). 


Temporary certifi- 


do 


do 


cate. 
Permit 


Coimty superin- 
tendent. 


Covmty 


... .do 













STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS, 
certificates in the various States — Continued. 

WYOMING— Continued . 



113 



Experience 
required. 



None . 



(See last column). 



None. 



.do. 



Questions 
prepared by- 



Papers exam- 
ined by — 



No examination required. 



.do 



63200—10 8 



Scholarship requirements. 



Graduation from technical school of Uni- 
versity of Wyoming. Renewable for life 
if holder passes examination in profes- 
sional subjects required for second-class 
professional certificate. 



Granted to graduates of state normal 
school and of college of liberal arts of 
University of Wyoming for period neces- 
sary for them to gain experience required 
for life certificate. Granted also to grad- 
uates of other normal schools and colleges 
of equivalent rank, as determined by 
board of examiners. 

Applicant must have been engaged to teach, 
and a member of school board engaging 
him must have forwarded request for 
granting of such certificate indorsed by 
county superintendent. 

Issued by county superintendent until 
such time as state board of examiners can 
act upon application for temporary cer- 
tificate. 



B.- RECOGNITION OF DIPLOMAS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITU- 
TIONS SITUATED IN OTHER STATES AND OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED 
IN OTHER STATES. 



ALABAMA. 



Diplomas. — None. (Memorandum from the state office.) 
Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from the state office.) 

ARIZONA. 

Diplomas. — A graduate of a standard college or university who has had one year's 
work in pedagogy, certified to by a professor of pedagogy, is given a first-grade terri- 
torial certificate. 

A graduate, except in the kindergarten department, of a normal school whose 
courses are equivalent to the Arizona Normal School is also given a first-grade terri- 
torial certificate. (Regulations of territorial board of education, in School Laws, 1907, 
p. 80.> 

Certificates. — A holder of a life diploma issued by state authority is granted a first- 
grade certificate. (Regulations of territorial board of education, in School Laws, 1907, 
p. 80.) 

ARKANSAS. 

Diplomas. — None. 
Certificates. — None. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Diplomas. — "No credentials shall be prescribed or allowed unless the same in the 
judgment of said [state] board [of education] are the equivalent of a diploma of gradu- 
ation from the University of California and are satisfactory eAddence that the holder 
thereof has taken an amount of pedagogy equivalent to the minimum amount of 
pedagogy prescribed by the state board of education of this State. * * * 

"The said board shall also consider the cases of individual applicants who have 
taught successfully for a period of not less than twenty school months, and who are 
not possessed of the credentials prescribed by the board under the provisions of this 
section. The said board, in its discretion, may issue to such applicants special cre- 
dentials upon which they may be granted certificates to teach in the high schools of 
the State. In such special cases, the board may take cognizance of any adequate 
evidence of preparation which the applicants may present. The standards of qualifi- 
cation in such special cases shall not be lower than that represented by the other 
credentials named by the board under the provisions of this section." (School Laws, 
1909, pp. 12-13.) 

Certificates. — See diplomas. 

COLORADO. 

Diplomas. — Grades given for work in ediicational subjects accepted the same as 
grades from the state institutions of Colorado, provided the applicant has taught two 
years. (Memorandimi from state office.) 

Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state superintendent.) 
114 



CONDITION FOR RECOGNITION OP DIPLOMAS. 115 

CONNECTICUT. 

Diplomas. — None. (Letter from secretary of state board of education, dated Sept. 
12, 1910.) 

Certificates. — None. (Letter from secretary of state board of education, dated Sept. 
12, 1910.) 

DELAWARE. 

Diplomas. — May be issued at the discretion of the county superintendents upon 
presentation of "diplomas or certificates of graduation from any respectable normal 
school or college." (School Laws, 1908-9, p. 55.) 

Certificates. — None. 

FLORIDA. 

Diplomas. — None. (Letter from state office, Sept. 14, 1910.) 
Certificates .—N one . (Letter from state ofiice, Sept. 14, 1910.) 

GEORGIA. 

Diplomas. — Strictly forbidden. (Laws, 1910, p. 39.) 
Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

IDAHO. 

Diplomas. — A county superintendent may, when authorized by the state board of 
education, issue a special first-grade certificate to a graduate of an advanced course of 
a state normal school who holds a life diploma or to a graduate of a chartered college, 
the bachelor's degree of which is accepted by the state university of the same State, if 
the applicant has taught eighteen months, provided part of this experience has been 
within two years preceding date of application. (School Laws, 1909, p. 45.) 

The state board of education has placed upon the accredited list twenty-two uni- 
versities, state and private, located in sixteen States, and sixty-two state normal 
schools, located in twenty-four States. The following are the conditions for the 
granting of authorizations to county superintendents to issue certificates: 

" Life diplomas of the highest grade, only, from the above state institutions will be 
recognized. 

"Applicant must have had at least three years' successful experience. 

"Application must be accompanied with copies of three credentials of successful 
experience. 

"Applicants must not have been out of school for more than a year at date of appli- 
cation." (Ninth Biennial Report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction 
of Idaho, 1907-8, p. 76.) 

Certificates. — None. 

ILLINOIS. 

Diplomas. — Graduates from approved colleges, universities, and normal schools are 
admitted to examination on the same basis as graduates of like institutions within the 
State. (Circular, department of public instruction. No. 42, p. 4, Nov. 1, 1909.) 

Certificates. — Holders of life certificates from other States, the requirements of which 
are equal to those of Illinois, may enter the examination for any one of the certificates 
under Plan II, which requires an examination in three professional subjects and a 
thesis. (Circular, department of public instruction. No. 42, p. 4, Nov. 1, 1909.) 

INDIANA. 

Diplomas. — -Graduates of apjiroved universities, colleges, and state normal schools 
are eligible for licenses in Indiana upon the same basis as graduates of like institutions 
within the State. 

"A state normal diploma that represents three full years' normal-school work pre- 
ceded by four years' high-school work may be countersigned by the superintendent of 



116 TEACHEES' CERTIFICATES. 

public instruction, provided the holder of it has taught successfully for two years since 
graduation. When so signed it becomes valid for life in any of the public schools of 
the State. 

"A diploma from a kindergarten training school that has been approved by the 
state board of education may be countersigned by the superintendent of public 
instruction and made a valid life license for kindergarten work." (Indiana Teachers' 
Licenses, Robert J. Aley, 1910, p. 9; School Laws, 1907, pp. 20-21.) 

Certificates. — A life certificate from another State that has been granted upon exam- 
ination and is equivalent to the life license examination in Indiana may be counter- 
signed by the superintendent of public instruction. When so signed it becomes valid 
for life in any of the public schools of the State. (Indiana Teachers' Licenses, Robert 
J. Aley, 1910, p. 9.) 

IOWA. 

Diplomas. — None. (School Laws, 1907, p. 11.) 

Certificates. — The state educational board of examiners is empowered "to validate 
certificates issued by state departments of education in other States where such certifi- 
cates were issued upon evidence of scholarship and experience equivalent to that 
required for like certificates" under the laws of Iowa. (School Laws, 1907, p. 9.) 

KANSAS. 

Diplomas. — Graduates of the arts course in accredited colleges and universities 
may receive the three-year renewable certificate upon passing an examination in five 
professional subjects and upon presentation and approval of transcript of grades in 
scholastic subjects. The basis of grading institutions prescribed by state law is the 
four-year course of the Kansas State Normal School. The courses of other institutions 
are required to be as "efficient" as the course in this institution. In the accrediting 
of colleges the state board of education has limited the accredited schools to those 
situated in States with which reciprocal relations have been established in the recog- 
nition of certificates. The state normal schools of some States with which reciprocal 
relations do not exist are accredited. (Manual of Board of Education, State of Kansas, 
1910, pp. 7, 30, 34-35, 37; letter from state superintendent of public instruction, dated 
Sept. 27, 1910.) 

Certificates. — The law provides that when the state board of education is satisfied 
that any resident of Kansas holding a state certificate of another State secured the 
same by passing an examination equivalent to that given by said board, it may issue 
to said person a state certificate. The practice of the board is to issue a three-year 
renewable certificate to persons holding state life certificates or certificates which may 
be renewable into state life certificates, from those States whose offices extend recipro- 
cal relations. (Manual of Board of Education, State of Kansas, 1910, p. 37; letter from 
state superintendent of public instruction, dated Sept. 27, 1910.) 

Beciprocal relations. — Reciprocal relations covering the indorsement of the highest 
grade of life certificates have been established without limitation with six States, as 
follows: Iowa, Nebraska, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Virginia. 

The following limitations have been placed upon indorsements of certificates and 
diplomas issued in other States: Indiana, Missouri, and Oregon, if issued on examina- 
tion; North Dakota, if applicant is a graduate of a normal school, college, or university; 
Michigan, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, and Utah, each case is considered on its 
merits; Washington, option of state board. 

Forty-four colleges, located in sixteen different States, have been placed upon the 
accredited list. 

Reciprocal relations have been established without limitation in the recognition of 
the highest grade of state normal-school diplomas with the following nine States: 
Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South 



CONDITION FOR RECOGNITION OF DIPLOMAS. 117 

Dakota, and Virginia. Limitations are imposed as follows: Michigan, Rhode Island, 
and Utah, each case is considered on its merits; North Dakota, the course must cover 
the Kansas requirements; Arizona, professional examination is required; Vermont, 
may consider certain cases; Washington, option of state board. (Manual of the board 
of education, 1910, pp. 35, 37-38.) 

KENTUCKY. 

Diplomas. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 
Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

LOUISIANA. 

Diplomas. — None, except from Peabody Normal College. (Laws, 1908, p. 68.) 
Cei'tificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

MAINE. 

Diplomas. — No exemption from examination and other requirements. Diplomas 
are given weight in the determination of the grade of certificate to be issued upon 
the same basis as graduates of institutions within the State. (Memorandum from 
state office.) 

Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

MARYLAND. 

Diplomas. — The state superintendent may, with the approval of the state board of 
education, recognize and indorse diplomas of state normal schools and of other normal 
schools, and of colleges with a department of pedagogy when he is satisfied with the 
character of the instruction given and the length of time that has been spent in such 
institution by the applicant. (School Laws, 1910, p. 12.) 

Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Diplomas. — Diplomas of standard pormal schools, colleges, and universities are 
generally recognized, except in cities, as sufficient warrant for the granting of local 
certificates. (Memorandum from state office.) 

Certificates. — School committees, except those in certain cities, generally recognize 
certificates issued in other States and issue certificates based upon them. Practice 
varies greatly as to the grades of certificates that are thus recognized. (Memorandum 
from state office.) 

MICHIGAN. 

Diplomas. — The state board of education may indorse normal school diplomas or 
certificates "if it be shown to the satisfaction of said board that such certificates are 
for life and that the * * * examinations required or courses of study pursued are 
fully equal to the requirements of this State." (School Law, 1909, p. 140.) 

Certificates. — The state board of education may indorse state teachers' certificatas 
granted upon examinations or other state certificates granted in other States "if it be 
shown to the satisfaction of said board that such certificates are for life and that the 
examinations required or courses of study pursued are fully equal to the requirements 
of this State." (School Law, 1909, p. 140.) 

MINNESOTA. 

Diplomas. — Graduates of accredited universities, colleges, and of advanced courses 
of state normal schools are placed upon the same basis as graduates of institutions 
• within the State. The basis for determining whether a college or university shall be 
placed upon the accredited list is the University of Minnesota including its depart- 
ment of pedagogy. (Pamphlet issued by the department of public instruction, 1909, 
Certification and employment of teachers, p. 5.) 



118 teachers' ceetificates. 

Seventj--six universities and colleges outside of Minnesota, located in 21 different 
States, and 49 state and private normal schools, located in 23 different States, have 
been placed upon the accredited list. (Pamphlet issued by the department of public 
instruction, 1909, Certification and employment of teachers, pp. 6-8.) 

Certificates. — None. (Pamphlet issued by the department of public instruction, 
St. Paul, Minn., June, 1908, entitled " Circular of information relating to examina- 
tions, certificates," etc., p. 7.) 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Diplomas. — None, (Memorandum from state office.) 
Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

MISSOURI. 

Diplomas. — Diplomas from colleges and universities of equal rank to those in the 
"Missouri College Union" are placed on the same basis as graduates of those institu- 
tions. (See scholarship requirements, Table 1.) Some concessions are made to gradu- 
ates of state and private normal schools in other States. (Memorandum from state 
office; letter from state office, dated Sept. 30, 1910.) 

Certificates. — The state superintendent will recognize certificates fi'om other States 
with which reciprocal relations have been established, provided the certificates are 
equal to those issued in Missouri, and provided further, applicant has had experience 
in teaching. (Memorandum from state office, and cu-cular, "Requirements for state 
certificates. 1910.") 

MONTANA. 

Diplomas. — The law proiides that state or life diplomas may be granted to graduates 
of educational institutions without the State upon conditions established by the state 
board of education. The board grants to graduates of reputable colleges, universities, 
and the advanced courses of normal schools certificates without examination when 
such graduates have had eighteen months' successful experience after graduation and 
have become resident teachers of Montana. (Laws, 1908, p. 16; report of state superin- 
tendent of public instruction, 1908, p. 51; letter from state office, Sept. 29, 1910.) 

Certificates. — None . 

NEBRASKA. 

Diplomas. — Professional state certificates may be granted to any person who is a 
graduate of a college or university of good standing and who has had three years' suc- 
cessful experience in Nebraska and who holds a first-grade county certificate. The 
same certificate may also be granted to the holder of a life diploma from a state normal 
school of another State. (Laws, 1909, p. 75.) 

Certificates. — A professional state certificate may be granted at the discretion of the 
state superintendent to the holder of a professional state certificate from another State. 
(Laws, 1909, p. 75.) 

NEVADA. 

Diplomas. — "Graduates of universities, colleges, and normal schools approved by 
the state board of education shall be permitted to submit their credentials from such 
institutions, and to the extent that these credentials give e^ddence of scholarship and 
professional preparation they shall be accepted in lieu of examination." (School 
Laws, 1909, p. 20.) 

Certificates. — "Any teacher holding a life certificate from another State shall be 
permitted to submit such certificate as evidence of his or her fitness for teaching, and 
if the state board of education shall be satisfied that the State which issued such cer- 
tificate maintains a high professional standard, said board may issue a certificate for 
teaching in this State of such grade as it shall deem proper." (School Laws, 1909, 
p. 20.) 



I 



CONDITION" FOE RECOGNITION OF DIPLOMAS. 119 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. . 

Diplomas. — Graduates of colleges, universities, and normal schools outside the 
State are treated upon the same basis as graduates of colleges and private normal 
schools within the State — that is, credits are accepted for subjects in group 3, exami- 
nation for high-school certificates. See Table A. (Memorandum from state office.) 

Certifi,cxites . — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

NEW JERSEY. 

Diplomas. — "11. In any examination for a teacher's certificate the diploma of a 
university or college authorized to confer degrees may be accepted in lieu of an exami- 
nation in the subjects prescribed for such examination: Provided, That the course of 
study covered by said diploma shall include said prescribed subjects or their equiva- 
lent, shall not have been pursued through correspondence, and shall have been 
approved by the state board of examiners." 

"14. The state board of examiners may grant a second-grade state certificate, valid 
for two years, to the holder of a diploma of any normal school or teachers' college, or a 
permanent certificate to teach in another state and valid as a state certificate therein, 
when the course of study of such normal school or teachers' college or the requirements 
for such certificate shall be, in the judgment of said board, equivalent to those required 
for a state certificate to teach in this State: Provided, That such other State shall 
grant reciprocal privileges to those holding similar diplomas or certificates issued in 
this State. After the expiration of said two years the said normal school diploma, 
teachers' college diploma, or permanent state certificate * * * may be endorsed 
by the state board of examiners: Provided, The holder thereof shall have taught not 
less than two years in this State, shall have given satisfactory evidence of efficiency 
and success as a teacher, and shall file approved testimonials. A¥hen so endorsed such 
diploma or certificate shall have the same force and effect as if issued in this State. 
Normal school diplomas issued in States not having a state system of certification 
* * * may be endorsed as hereinabove provided." (Rules and regulations of 
state board of education, in School Laws, 1908, p. 151-152.) 

Certificates. — See last paragraph above. 

Reciprocal relations have been established under rule 14 with Canada and with 11 
States, as follows: Connecticut, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, 
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. (Letter 
from state superintendent, Sept. 27, 1910.) 

NEW MEXICO. 

Diplomas. — The state board of education is authorized to issue certificates "to per- 
sons whom it may deem qualified . " It appears from this that credits may be accepted 
for studies irrespective of graduation. (School Laws, 1909, p. 202.) 

Certificates. — The territorial board of education is "empowered to officially indorse 
teachers' certificates granted in States and other Territories, under such rules as it 
may prescribe." No regulations have as yet been printed. The acts of the state board 
as found in the reports of the territorial superintendent of public instruction make it 
appear that as a rule only certificates of the highest grade are recognized and only 
from those States with which reciprocal relations have been established. (School 
Laws, 1909, p. 202; report of the territorial superintendent of public instruction for 
biennium ending June, 1908, p. 28.) 

The territorial board of education has taken the following actions regarding the 
recognition of certificates and diplomas issued in other States: 

Arkansas, Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Texas, and Vermont. — Consid- 
eration given transcripts submitted from educational institutions. 

Michigan and Missouri. — Reciprocal relations covering life certificates. 



120 teachers' certificates. 

Minnesota, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. — Certificates equivalent to New Mexico pro- 
fessional certificates and county first-grade licenses indorsed for full time in New 
Mexico. Reciprocal relations established. 

Wyoming. — Wyoming certificates higher than county first grade indorsed as county 
first grade. Wyoming indorses New Mexico professional certificates. (Report of 
superintendent of public instruction, 1907-8, pp. 28-29.) 

NEW YORK. 

Diplomas. — The commissioner of education may in his discretion indorse diplomas 
of approved colleges and normal schools. Graduates of colleges approved by the 
education department, in a com"se approved by that department, may be granted a 
limited certificate, valid for two years. If the course taken by the applicant includes 
a course in education under the regulations of the education department, he may be 
granted a college graduate professional provisional certificate, valid for three years. 
Life certificates are granted after three years' successful experience. (Handbook 7, 
education department, 1909, pp. 26-29. Education Law, 1910, p. 120. Bulletin 474.) 

"The commissioner of education 'may also, in his discretion, indorse a diploma 
issued by a state normal school or a certificate issued by a state superintendent or 
state board of education in any other State, which indorsement shall confer upon the 
holder thereof the same privileges conferred by law upon the holders of diplomas or 
certificates issued by state normal schools or by the commissioner of education in 
this State.' 

" This discretion will be exercised on evidence that the standards on which such 
diplomas and certificates were based are equal in value to standards in this State 
and that the applicant has proved to be a successful teacher for at least two years." 
(Handbook 7, education .department, July, 1908, p. 26.) 

Certificates. — See last two paragraphs above. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Diplovias. — Graduates of institutions outside the State are placed upon the same 
basis as graduates of institutions within the State, examination being required of all 
without concessions. (Memorandum from state office.) 

Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

NORTH DAKOTA. 

Diplomas. — Recognition of diplomas granted by institutions outside of State placed 
on the same basis as those within. A normal school must have a reputation "for 
thoroughness;" a college or university must be "of recognized standing;" and the 
applicant must have taught for at least eighteen months after graduation. If these 
requirements are met, a first-class state certificate may be issued. (School Laws, 1908, 
p. 78.). 

Certificates. — None. (Memorandum from state office.) 

OHIO. 

Diplomas. — The law makes no distinction between Ohio institutions and those of other 
States. "The diploma of any normal school, teachers' college, college or university 
approved by the state commissioner of common schools shall entitle the holder thereof 
when he or she has successfully passed the examination approved in section 5 of this 
act to a professional elementary school certificate. * * * Provided, said diploma 
is granted only to such students as have taken a full two-year academic and professional 
course, entrance to which shall require graduation from a high school of the first grade." 
If the course is a four-year academic and professional course, a provisional high- 
school certificate may be issued. It is required that each of these courses shall include 
actual teaching under supervision in a training school, including elementary or 



CONDITION FOR RECOGNITION OF EUPLOMAS. 121 

secondary grades respectively. A memorandum from the state office states, how- 
ever, "no diplomas honored." (Session Laws, 1910, p. 317; memorandum from state 
office dated Sept. 19, 1910.) 

Certificates. — "Life certificates known as professional state certificates issued by 
other States may be recognized by the board under the following conditions: 

"The applicant for recognition of a certificate issued by another State shall register 
in the regular form. 

"He shall attend the examination at which his case is to come before the board. 

"He shall file the certificate to be honored with the grades in the branches covered 
by the certificate and a copy of the questions upon which certificate filed was granted. 

"He shall take the examination in the branches required in Ohio not covered by 

his certificate." (Leaflet from Ohio state board of school examiners, respecting date 

of examination, etc.) 

OKLAHOMA. 

Diplomas. — The state board of education accepts grades received in subjects required 
in an examination from those state institutions which appear on its accredited list; 
it does not issue certificates upon diplomas. (Circular issued by state superintendent.) 

Certificates. — The state board of education accepts grades which appear upon state 
certificates issued by other States, or which are certified to by the state superintendent; 
it does not issue a certificate upon a state certificate from another State. Grades from a 
first-grade county certificate and reading circle grades will be accepted also, provided 
they are of the required average. (Circular issued by state superintendent.) 

OREGON. 

Diplomas. — Credits from institutions outside the State are placed upon the same 
footing as credits from institutions within the State. No concessions are made. 
(Memorandum from state office.) 

Certificates.— "The state board of education may, at its discretion, grant without 
examination state certificates and state diplomas to persons presenting authentic 
papers from other States of grade and kind like those granted by the state board of 
education in this State: Provided, That the state board of education is satisfied that 
said papers were secured by passing an examination equivalent to that given by the 
state board of education of this State for state papers." (Oregon School Laws, 1909, 
p. 6.) 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Diplomas. — The superintendent of public instruction is authorized by law to 
indorse normal school diplomas and permanent certificates granted to teachers in 
other States, provided they are valid and accompanied by recommendations showing 
holder has taught successfully within two years. When so indorsed they have the 
same force and effect as certificates of like grade issued by the state superintendent 
of public instruction of Pennsylvania. 

In practice the state superintendent indorses life certificates and normal school 
diplomas from States which accept or indorse life certificates and normal school 
diplomas of Pennsylvania. (Pennsylvania School Laws and Decisions, 1909, p. 137 — 
Letter of state superintendent of public instruction dated Sept. 13, 1910.) 

Certificates. — See diplomas above. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Diplomas. — Each case considered on its merits. No discrimination against out- 
side diplomas. (Memorandum from commissioner of public schools.) 

Certificates. — Each case considered on its merits. Qualifications for each certificate 
considered. When approved, apparently full recognition and no discrimination 
against outside certificates. (Memorandum from commissioner of public schools.) 



122 teachers' certificates. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Diplomas. — Diploma of graduation from reputable university or college situated in 
another State and of as high rank as leading colleges in the State are accepted upon 
the same basis as diplomas from these colleges. A state certificate may be issued 
upon such a diploma without examination. (Regulations of board of education in 
School Laws, 1909, p. 58, rule 10.) 

Certificates. — Recognition accorded certificates from such other States as grant sim- 
ilar recognition to certificates in South Carolina. (Memorandum from state office.) 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 

Diplomas. — A diploma fi-om an approved university or college giving four years' 
work above a foui'-year high-school course is accepted in lieu of subjects required for a 
life diploma, provided one-fourth of such university or college course for eighteen 
months was devoted to professional training. If a less amount of time was given to 
professional subjects, these subjects may be passed by examination. 

A diploma from any approved state or private normal school having a two-year 
course of study above a four-year high-school course may likewise be accepted aa 
above. (Laws, 1909, p. 5.) 

Certificates. — The state superintendent may validate certificates issued by other 
departments of education which are of the rank of the life diploma, state certificate, 
and first and second grade certificates issued in South Dakota, provided the require- 
ments upon which they are based are equivalent to the requirements for corresponding 
certificates in South Dakota. (Laws, 1909, p. 6.) 

TENNESSEE. 

Diplomas. — None. 
Certificates. — None. 

TEXAS. 

Diplomas. — "Sec. 103. Certificates based on college degrees. — Any person who holds 
a diploma conferring on hmi the degree of bachelor of arts, or any equivalent bachelor's 
degree, or any higher academic degree, from any college or university of the first class, 
and who has completed four full courses in education and pedagogy may receive from 
the state superintendent of public instruction a permanent state certificate, which 
shall be valid anywhere in this State during good behavior: Provided, That any person 
who holds a diploma conferring on him the degree of bachelor of arts, or any equivalent 
bachelor's degree, or any higher academic degree, from any college or university of 
the first class, who has not had four full courses in education but who has taught 
three years in the State, may receive from the state superintendent of public instruc- 
tion a permanent state certificate which shall be valid anywhere in this State during 
good behavior. The institutions to be recognized as colleges or universities of the 
first class shall be determined by the state superintendent of public instruction upon 
the recommendation of the state board of examiners." (School Laws of Texas, 1909, 
pp. 40-41.) 

Certificates. — None . 

^ UTAH. 

Diplomas. — "The state board of education has the power to accept credits, cer- 
tificates, and diplomas from other States and from institutions of learning in lieu of 
examination." (Circular letter signed by state superintendent of public instruction.) 

Certificates. — "Life diplomas issued by state boards in other States and shown to be 
of equal rank mth those issued by the state board of this State may receive equal 
recognition after the holders acquire two years' successful experience in schools of 
this State. TMien countersigned by the state superintendent of public instruction 
under the direction of the state board, such diplomas shall have equal validity with 



CONDITION FOR RECOGNITION OF DIPLOMAS. 123 

those of corresponding rank issued by the state board." Temporary certificates are 
issued to those who lack experience in Utah. (School Law, 1909, p. 5.) 
See also diplomas, above. 

VERMONT. 

Diplomas. — Graduates of institutions outside of the State are treated upon the 
same basis as graduates from institutions within the State. Graduates from approved 
colleges and normal schools are required to have less experience in the granting of 
all certificates than those persons who are not graduates. (Act 1908, ch. 37.) 

Certificates. — The holder of any certificate that is valid for two or more years is 
eligible to a special third-grade or one-year's certificate. (Letter from state super- 
intendent, Sept. 29, 1910.) 

VIRGINIA. 

Diplomas.— ^'^ Vox schools and colleges outside Virginia the state board of examiners 
may accept any certificate that would be accepted by the state authorities of the 
State from which the certificate comes and may issue a Virginia certificate of such 
grade and life as may seem warranted by conditions attending the individual case." 
(Regulations state board of education, School Laws, 1907, p. 12.) 

Certificates. — The state board of examiners endeavors to grant the same recognition 
to certificates from other States as is extended Virginia certificates of like grade by 
the department of public instruction of those particular States. (Letter from E. H. 
Russell, Sept. 14, 1910.) 

WASHINGTON. 

Diplomas. — The state board of education is authorized to grant certificates without 
examination, except in the State Manual of Washington, to graduates of those normal 
schools, colleges, and universities, and other institutions of higher education which 
have been approved by it, provided the entrance and graduation requirements of 
these institutions must be equal to those of the University of Washington or of the 
advanced course of the state normal schools of Washington. (Laws, 1909, p. 13.) 

Certificates. — ^The state board of education is authorized to issue certificates without 
examination, except in the State Manual of Washington, to the holders of state life 
certificates, the requirements of which have been found by them to be equal to the 
requirements for a life certificate in Washington. (Laws, 1909, p. 13.) 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

Diplomas. — "The state board of education may also issue certificates to teachers 
coming from other States when such teachers hold certificates or diplomas of equal 
value with those issued under this act: Provided, That the States which issue such 
certificates likewise recognize those issued in this State." (School Laws, 1908, p. 58.) 

Certificates. — See diplomas above. 

WISCONSIN. 

Diplomas. — The holder of a diploma of a university or college whose regular college 
courses are fully and fairly equivalent to corresponding courses of the University of 
Wisconsin, or the holder of a diploma granted by a state normal school whose courses 
of study are fully and fairly equivalent to the courses of study in the Wisconsin normal 
schools and who has had two years' experience after the date of issuance of such 
diploma, may, if recommended favorably by the state board of examiners, be granted 
an unlimited state certificate; if the holder of the diploma is lacking in experience, 
he may be granted a special license valid for two years. (School Laws, 1909, pp. 
83-84.) 

Certificates. — The holder of a life certificate in another State, the requirements for 
which are equivalent to those of the unlimited certificate in Wisconsin, who has had 



124 teachers' certificates. 

two years' experience in Wisconsin subsequent to the date of the foreign certificate, 
may be granted an unlimited certificate ; if he is lacking in experience, a special license 
may be granted him valid for a period of two years. (School Laws, 1909, pp. 81-82.) 

WYOMING. 

Diplomas. — " Exemption certificates granted to graduates of the State Normal School 
and other schools of the University of Wyoming may be granted to the graduates of 
other normal schools and colleges of equivalent rank. The state board of examiners 
shall be the judge of equivalency." (School Laws, 1909, p. 127.) 

These certificates are made valid for such a period as is necessary to give the holder 
the experience required for a life certificate. 

Certificates. — "Certificates granted in other States and of as high rank as the first or 
second class certificates having requirements equivalent to those in this State may 
be given the same validity in this State. The state board of examiners shall be the 
judge of equivalency." (School Laws, 1909, p. 127.) 

Under this regulation, recognition is not limited to "state" certificates. 

o 



